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Notes for 2007 Swine Budgets
| Author: |
John Bancroft -
Swine Grower Finisher Specialist/OMAFRA
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| Creation Date: |
18 April
2007 |
| Last Reviewed: |
25 April 2008
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PDF
Format - 35 KB
The monthly OMAFRA Swine Budget provides a guide and format to estimate
the cost of production for a swine enterprise. The cost estimates and
assumptions are based on information from a variety of industry sources.
The cost figures are not obtained from an actual survey. Therefore, adjustments
and interpretations are necessary when applying these figures to a particular
business enterprise. Individual farm figures will vary depending on the
resources, management, production, health status, size, market conditions,
risk, and financial arrangements!
Farrow to Finish - To arrive at an estimated
cost of production for farrow to finish, the estimated production costs
are split into three production phases, Farrow to Wean, Nursery, and Grow-Finish.
The Farrow to Finish Enterprise Budget is the accumulated cost of the
three phases and is based on 20 market pigs sold per sow per year. The
various costs from the three phases are totalled on a per sow basis and
divided by 20 to arrive at the per pig cost for the farrow to finish budget.
By doing this, a mortality and morbidity cost is built into budget estimates.
A 4% and 6% mortality and morbidity loss is assumed for the nursery and
grow-finish phases, respectively.
- The Farrow to Wean Phase is based on producing 22
weaned pigs per sow per year. Assuming a 14% pre-weaning death loss
and 2.35 litters per sow per year; it would take 11 pigs born alive
per litter to achieve this. To arrive at a cost per sow, multiply the
per pig figures by 22.
- The Nursery Pig Phase is based on producing 96% of
the weaned pigs placed as feeder pigs weighing 26 to 27 kilograms. The
nursery pig space is assumed to be turned over 6.12 times per year or
approximately 60 days per turn. To arrive at a cost per sow, multiply
the per pig figures by 21.
- The Grow-Finish Phase is based on marketing 94% of
the feeder pigs placed as market pigs. Pigs are placed on feed at 26
to 27 kilograms for approximately 105 days and finished at the indicated
average monthly market weight and index. It is assumed that each barn
space is turned three times per year. To arrive at a cost per sow, multiply
the per pig figures by 20.
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Assumptions:
- Income - The market pig value is
determined using a monthly calculated average price, dressed market
weight and average index for Ontario market pigs using marketing information
from Ontario Pork. There are no grid premiums included. To determine
a live market weight assume an 80% dressing percent.
- Feed - The feed costs are estimated
using corn, soybean meal, premix or supplement. The monthly corn value
is based on the average of the daily Huron FOB Farm and the Western
Ontario Feed corn prices. The monthly soybean meal value is based on
the average daily Hamilton soybean meal prices plus $20 per tonne for
trucking and handling. A feed processing charge of $20 per tonne is
included for feed and storage equipment overhead costs (depreciation,
interest, insurance), operating costs (labour, repairs, hydro), handling
and preparation costs (invisible loss). No feed additive or medication
cost is included in the feed cost since these are estimated on the health
cost line.
- Breeding Herd Feed - This is a combination
of gestation and lactation feed assuming 1,100 kilograms of feed per
sow per year. A five month rolling average feed cost based on the time
of the gestation and lactation feed is used to produce the market pig
(5 to 9 months prior).
- Nursery Feed - This is based on
a phase feeding feed budget using a total of 35 kilograms of feed per
pig. A two month rolling average feed cost is used based on the nursery
period of time to produce the market pig (3 to 4 months prior).
- Grower-Finisher Feed - This is based on a phase feeding
feed budget assuming a 2.85 feed conversion and on feed for an average
of 105 days. A four month rolling average feed cost is used based on
feed costs during the past four months.
3. Net Replacements Cost for Gilts - The value shown
is the difference between the estimated cost of commercial replacement
gilts and an estimated cull sow value. The gilt replacements value is
the market hog value plus $150 and a cull sow value is calculated from
the marketplace. The replacement rate is assumed at 40%, based on a 35%
cull rate and a 5% sow death loss rate. The caculation is a five month
rolling average based on the values during the time of gestation and lactation.
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Health - These are the estimated costs
for prevention and control of disease within a herd. They would include
injectibles, water and feed treatments. These figures will vary depending
on the health status, protocols, and cost of supplies and services.
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The farrow to wean cost is estimated at $45 per sow per year.
This could include the cost of vaccines for PRRS, parvovirus,
leptospira, swine influenza, and erysipelas, iron treatments for
piglets, worming treatment for sows, supplies, veterinarian expenses,
production and Canadian Quality Assurance (CQA®) records.
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The nursery cost could include vaccination for mycoplasma and
circovirus, water and/or feed treatment programs.
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The grow-finish cost could include water and/or feed treatment
programs and some treatment costs for minor health challenges.
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Breeding (A.I. & Supplies) - 100% A.I. is assumed
based on 2.35 litters per sow, an 85% farrowing rate and $12 per breeding
(double dose of semen and supplies).
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Marketing - The market hog estimate includes
the Ontario Pork service fee ($1.75), intransit loss fee ($0.04),
grading fee ($0.04), and an allowance for trucking and assembly ($1.50).
In some cases a trucking or transfer fee between the sow and nursery
and the nursery and grow-finish sites should be included. These fees
may range from $0.50 to $1.00 for weaned pigs and from $0.75 to $1.50
for feeder pigs. Fees will depend on the volume of pigs moved, the
number of movements per week, and whether it is done commercially
or handled internally.
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Utilities (Hydro & Gas) - These
costs have been estimated and allocated based on individual site barns
(i.e. sow, nursery, grow-finish), farrow to feeder pig and farrow
to finish operations. Costs will vary due to a number of reasons including
barn and equipment efficiencies, cost of inputs, size, production
efficiency, and management.
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Miscellaneous - These are estimated
figures to cover other costs that are allocated to the swine enterprise.
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Manure Disposal - A cost is estimated for
each phase based on a yearly volume of manure calculated using the
NMAN computer program. Costs will vary depending on the volume of
manure, the distance to be hauled and the number of times spreading
occurs each year. Within some operations the cost to handle and spread
the manure produced maybe assumed to be covered by the economic value
the manure nutrients supply to the cropping enterprise. Therefore,
no cost would be charged to the swine enterprise.
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Repairs and Maintenance - These are estimated
using 1% of the estimated building, equipment, and site investment
values.
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Labour Cost - These costs will
vary depending on the number of employees, wage and benefit level,
number of hours worked and management and owner-operator labour allocation.
For the purposes of this budget, an estimated cost of $46,800 per
person is used with the farrow to wean labour cost based on 300 sows
per person and the nursery and grow-finish on 4,000 pig spaces per
person. If an allocation of 2,500 nursery pig spaces per person was
assumed the labour cost per feeder pig would be $3.06. If an allocation
of 3,500 finishing pig spaces per person was assumed the labour cost
per grow-finish pig would be $4.46.
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Operating Interest - Calculated on one-half
of the operating costs less the marketing costs at the prime chartered
bank rate plus 1%. The farrow to wean interest cost is based on 22
weeks, the nursery on 8.5 weeks and the grow-finish on 17 weeks. The
nursery phase also includes an interest cost based on the cost of
producing the weaned pig and the grow-finish phase includes an interest
cost based on the cost of producing the feeder pig.
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Fixed Costs - (Depreciation, Interest, Taxes, and Insurance)
- These costs are based on a ten year average calculation using
estimated building, equipment and site costs from 1997 to 2006. The
ten year average values used are $1,491 per sow for the farrow to
wean, $220 per pig space for the nursery, and $326 per pig space for
the grow-finish. Cost over the past 10 years have varied depending
on a variety of items including the quality of equipment, site conditions,
supply and demand of inputs, site services costs, upgrading costs,
and the year the buildings were constructed.
Depreciation - Building depreciation is the estimated
building cost less 10% for salvage value depreciated over 20 years.
The equipment depreciation is the estimated equipment cost depreciated
over 10 years with no salvage value.
Interest - The interest is calculated
using one-half of the estimated building, equipment, and site investment
value plus the 10% building salvage value at a rate of 8%.
Taxes and Insurance - These are calculated using
1% of the building, equipment and site cost estimates.
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Summary of Costs - This section provides a summary
of the costs within each production phase. The other variable costs
include the applicable lines from Net Replacement Cost for Gilts to
Operating Loan Interest and the Fixed Costs include the Depreciation,
Interest, Taxes and Insurance.
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The Bottom Summary Table - provides the following
information:
Net Return Farrow to Finish - this is simply the
difference between the Market Pig Income at the top of the budget
and the total variable and fixed costs on a per pig basis.
Farrow to Weaned Pig Cost - this is the estimated
total variable and fixed costs to produce a weaned pig five
months prior on a per pig basis.
Farrow to Feeder Pig Cost - this is the estimated
total variable and fixed costs to produce a feeder pig three
to four months prior on a per pig basis.
Wean to Finish Cost - this is
the estimated total variable and fixed costs to produce a market hog
in the current month based on the nursery and grow-finish costs on
a per pig basis.
Farrow to Finish Breakeven Price - this is the estimated
breakeven market hog price based on the farrow to finish total variable
and fixed costs. The average monthly market hog weight and market
index is used to calculate the price on a $ per ckg, 100 index basis.
The OMAFRA swine budget provides a format and guide to estimate a cost
of production. The variation in production practices gives rise to a
large variation in costs of production. Adjustments will be necessary
to apply these figures to an individual swine production enterprise. Therefore,
it is important for individual operations to determine their cost of production
based on their records. Accurate and up to date information is essential
to determine an individual farm cost of production and to make management,
financial, and marketing decisions.
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For more information:
Toll Free: 1-877-424-1300
Local: (519) 826-4047
E-mail: ag.info.omafra@ontario.ca
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