| Criteria |
Norms During Growth |
Norms After Maturity |
Trouble Shooting Checklist |
|
Temperature
(At birds height)
|
Under Brooders
Day Old - 1 week:
35°C
1-2: 32°C
2-3: 29°C
3-4: 27°C
4-5: 21-24°C |
Room Temperature
21-22°C
(Bird's comfort)
|
Too High: pasty cloacas, spreading and flapping, crowding
away from heat source
Too Low: feather ruffling, huddling and piling near heat source |
| Ammonia (P.P.M.) |
Maximum: 25 ppm (see next page) |
Maximum: 25 ppm |
Too High: eye burns, higher incidence of breast blisters
- leg problems |
| Air Movement |
0.11 m3 per minute per kg live bird
or
2.75-3.0 cfm per kg live bird |
0.11 m3 per minute per kg live bird
or
2.75-3.0 cfm per Kg live bird |
Poor: high ammonia levels, wet, caked litter, Respiratory
problems, increased foot problems, poor growth because of wet litter
(see next page) |
| Lighting |
First 5 Days:
50 lux
After 1 week: adequate light for feeding and activity |
Daylight Interval
Intensity must be 10 X greater than DARK interval to ensure good production
levels |
Too High: cannibalism, flighty, nervous behaviour
Too Low: poor intakes, poor growth and feed conversion |
Feeder Space
(per bird) - ad lib
Water Trough
(per bird) |
0.4 wks. - 3.5 cm
4-12 wks. - 8.0 cm |
12 weeks - mature
Feed - 10-12 cm
Water - 10-12 cm |
Too Small: poor intakes, poor growth and starveouts |
|
Density - Floor or Cage Space
(per bird)
|
Hens
0-4 weeks: 0.5 m2
4-8 weeks: 0.22 m2
8-12 weeks: 0.3 m2
Toms
0-4 weeks: 0.5 m2
4-8 weeks: 0.25 m2
8-12 weeks: 0.30 m2
|
Hens
12-16 weeks
16-20 weeks
at least 0.3 m2/bird
Toms
12-16 weeks
16-20 weeks
at least 0.4 m2/bird |
Too Dense: feather picking, cannibalism, more injuries,
more health problems, poorer carcasses or lower feed efficiency, wet
litter - leg problems |
Humans can detect the smell of ammonia at 7 p.p.m.
When human eyes are affected (watering/burning), ammonia levels are at
least 20 p.p.m.
A maintained light level of 20 lux may be achieved by using
one standard 60W/120V incandescent bulb for every 200 square feet of floor
space, or by using one long-life 60W/130V incandescent bulb for every
120 square feet of floor space in a dark barn.
A white clean room will have 40 lux with about one lamp
per 280 square feet, or about 20 lux if one bulb per 560 square feet is
used.
