| Criteria |
Norms During Growth |
Norms After Maturity |
Trouble Shooting Checklist |
|
Temperature
(At birds height)
|
Day Old: 28°-32°C
Lowered:
2°-3°C per week
to
21°C at 6 weeks
|
Breeders: 21°C for bird's comfort |
Too High: pasty cloacas, frequent wing spreading and flapping,
panting, crowding away from heat source, listless, no peeping
Too Low: feather ruffling, rigid posture, huddling and piling near
heat source |
| Ammonia (P.P.M.) |
Maximum: 25 ppm (see next page) |
Maximum: 25 ppm |
Too High: higher incidence of breast blisters and respiratory problems,
blindness |
| Air Movement |
0.11 m3 per minute per kg live bird
or
2.75-3.0 cfm per kg live bird |
0.11 m3 per minute per kg live bird
or
2.75-3.0 cfm per kg live bird |
Poor: high ammonia levels, caked areas in litter, uneven distribution
of birds throughout pens (see next page) |
| Lighting |
First 5 Days: 20 lux
After 5 days adequate light for normal intakes and activity |
Daylight Interval:
Intensity must be 10 X greater than dark interval to ensure good production
levels (for breeders) |
Too High: cannibalism, flighty, nervous behavior
Too Low: poor growth and feed conversion
(see Figure 1) |
Feeder Space
(per bird) - ad lib
Water Trough
(per bird) |
Pans or Troughs:
5 cm/bird
2.5 cm/bird (or)
1 nipple/5-20 birds |
5 cm/bird or Hanging tube feeders
3/100 birds
2.5 cm/bird or
7 round drinkers per 1,000 birds |
Not Enough Space: poor intakes, poor growth and feed conversion,
more starveouts |
|
Density - Floor or Cage Space
(per bird)
|
0.09 m2 (1 sq. ft) per bird up to max. 10 wks
of age |
0.09 m2 increased at 10 weeks up to 0.18 m2 (2
sq. ft.) |
Too Dense: feather picking, cannibalism, more injuries,
more flip overs (S.D.S.), decreased comfort results in poorer carcasses
or lower feed efficiency
Breeder production levels drop |
Humans can detect the smell of ammonia at 7 p.p.m.
When human eyes are affected (watering/burning), ammonia levels are at
least 20 p.p.m.
A maintained light level of 20 lux may be achieved by using
one standard 60W/120V incandescent bulb for every 200 square feet of floor
space, or by using one long-life 60W/130V incandescent bulb for every
120 square feet of floor space in a dark barn.
A white clean room will have 40 lux with about one lamp
per 280 square feet, or about 20 lux if one bulb per 560 square feet is
used.
Save Energy: Use 9 Watt to 11 Watt compact fluorescent lamps
instead of 60 Watt/130 Volt incandescent bulbs
Save Energy: Use 13 Watt to 15 Watt compact fluorescent lamps instead
of 60 Watt/120 Volt incandescent bulbs
