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Spring and Winter Canola: Fertility Management
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Agronomy Guide > Spring
and Winter Canola > Fertility Management Placement and TimingMost fertilizer for canola is broadcast. The high rates of nitrogen required and the seeding methods used work against the use of fertilizers banded with the seed. There may be occasions, particularly where phosphorus soil-test levels are low, when phosphorus application with the seed would be advantageous. Take care not to exceed safe rates. The rate of nitrogen fertilizer placed with the seed must not exceed 11 kg/ha (10 lb/acre). Place only superphosphate or monoammonium phosphate (MAP) with the seed.
1 To use this table, the price of canola must be known or
estimated. Canola at $450/t and nitrogen at $1.50/kg results in a price
ratio of 3.3 (1.50/0.45). At these prices and an expected yield of 3.0
t/ha, use 170 kg/ha of nitrogen. NitrogenSpring CanolaCanola has a great demand for nitrogen. The nitrogen fertilizer recommendations
for canola in Table
6-3, Nitrogen Recommendations for Spring Canola, this page, are based
on the price ratio between canola and nitrogen fertilizer. Rates should
be adjusted downward if manure was applied or if the previous crop contained
legumes such as alfalfa (see Table
9-7, Adjustment of Nitrogen Requirement, Where Crops Containing Legumes
Are Plowed Down, and Table
9-8, Typical Amounts of Available Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potash From
Different Types of Organic Nutrient Sources). Excessive nitrogen in
the soil has been linked to green seed problems. Winter CanolaFall ApplicationApply up to 40 kg/ha (36 lb/acre) of nitrogen in the fall. If the land was fallowed for one or more months before planting or if forage legumes were plowed down or manure applied before planting, no nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. Spring ApplicationThe rate for spring application of nitrogen is based on the expected
yield and on the price ratio between canola and nitrogen fertilizer. See
Table 6-4, Spring Nitrogen Requirements for Winter
Canola. 100 kg/ha = 90 lb/acre 1 HR, MR, LR, RR, and NR denote, respectively, high, medium, low, rare and no probabilities of profitable crop response to applied nutrient. Profitable response to applied nutrients occurs when the increase in crop value, from increased yield or quality, is greater than the cost of the applied nutrient. 2 A rating of "NR" may mean reduced yield or quality
of the crop if fertilizer is applied. Phosphate and PotashPhosphate and potash recommendations for canola are given in Table 6-5, Phosphate and Potash Recommendations for Canola Based on OMAFRA-Accredited Soil Tests. For information on the use of this table or if a soil test is unavailable, see Fertilizer Recommendations. The phosphorus requirement for canola is greater than for cereals, due to the higher protein content of the seed. A 2.5 t/ha (1 ton/acre) canola crop will remove an average 66 kg/ha (59 lb/acre) of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5). During germination and emergence, canola is sensitive to fertilizer salts. Salt injury can substantially reduce stands. Canadian research suppots an initial 11-17 kg/ha (10-15 lb/acre) of starter phosphate. The highest response can be expected when planting into cool soil conditions on soils with low-to-medium fertility levels.
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