Publication 75, Guide to Weed Control
Chapter 17. Turfgrass

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Soil Applied Grass Herbicides
BETASAN	9	–	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
DACTHAL W75	8	–	–	8	–	8	–	7	–	–	–	0	0	0
DIMENSION	9	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Postemergence Grass Herbicides
ACCLAIM SUPER	9	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
DIMENSION	8	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides
2,4-D*	–	–	–	3	5	3	3	9	3	4	4	–	9	–
2,4-D/dicamba/mecoprop-P*	–	–	–	8	8	8	8	9	6	7	6	–	9	–
BASAGRAN	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	8	–	–
FIESTA	–	–	–	7	7	7	7	7	–	–	–	–	7	–
glyphosate*	9	9	–	9	–	9	–	8	–	–	–	–	–	9
MCPA AMINE	–	–	–	4	4	3	3	6	3	3	3	–	9	–
MECOPROP, COMPITOX	–	–	–	8	8	8	8	6	7	3	3	–	6	–
mecoprop-P/2,4-D*	–	–	–	8	8	7	8	9	2	3	3	–	9	–
ORGANO-SOL	–	–	–	–	6	–	6	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
SARRITOR	–	–	–	–	2	–	7	7	–	3	–	4	7	–
VANQUISH	–	–	–	8	6	8	8	9	8	8	6	–	4	–
Postemergence Tank-Mixes
2,4-D* + mecoprop-P*	–	–	–	8	8	7	8	9	2	3	3	–	9	–
BOLD numbers indicate the weed is listed on the product label for control or suppression. – Insufficient information available to make a rating. * Various formulations available, see Table 4-1. Herbicides Used in Ontario, page 29. Not all formulations are registered on turf. See the label for specific uses and rates.

 

Ontario's cosmetic pesticides ban took effect April 22, 2009. The requirements of the ban are detailed in Ontario Regulation 63/09 under the Pesticides Act. The ban prohibits the sale and use of pesticides for cosmetic purposes such as on lawns, gardens, parks and school yards. There are exceptions to the ban on the use of (Class 9) prohibited pesticides for agriculture and also for golf courses, specialty turf, and specified sports fields, if certain conditions are met.

The following pesticide recommendations include products that contain Class 9 pesticides which can only be used under an exception to the ban. These recommendations also include products that contain Class 11 pesticides (biopesticides) and certain lower risk pesticides which are allowed for cosmetic purposes to manage weeds in turfgrass.

Managing Weeds in Turfgrass

The major species of broadleaf weeds infesting turf in Ontario are dandelion, plantain, black medick, chickweed, prostrate knotweed, mallow, henbit, ground-ivy, and white clover. The major grassy weeds are crabgrass, annual bluegrass, quackgrass, orchard grass and bentgrass.

Cultural Practices to Manage Weeds in Turfgrass

The easiest, cheapest and most effortless way to keep turf fields free of weeds is to encourage vigorous growth of turfgrass. Most weeds cannot compete in a dense, healthy turf. Growth practices that encourage vigorous grass growth discourage weed infestations. Such practices include mowing, fertilizing, watering and drainage, controlling thatch, avoiding compaction, selecting the appropriate turfgrass and removing weeds mechanically.

Mowing stimulates bud development and tillering, inducing the sod to become thick and dense. Cut commonly grown grasses such as the fescues, bluegrasses and turf-type perennial ryegrasses to a height of 4–6 cm. Invasion by weeds may occur if grasses are cut shorter than 4 cm.

Avoid scalping the turf when cutting around trees and flowerbeds. Do not remove more than one-third of the leaf area when mowing. Mowing too frequently may reduce the carbohydrate reserves of the turf, thereby reducing its competitiveness. Mowing can also be used to remove annual weeds and eliminate seed production, reducing or preventing the spread of weeds.

Fertilizer is particularly important in establishing a thick, dense and healthy turf stand. Regular, timely fertilizer applications can help turf out-compete broadleaf and grassy weeds. Too few nutrients applied to the turf leads to increased susceptibility to weed infestation and some disease. Too much fertilizer may lead to soft, weak grass that is also prone to disease and will not stand up to traffic.

Watering is critically important when normal rainfall does not provide enough moisture. Irrigate weekly, using 2.0–2.5 cm of water per application to help produce thick, deep-rooted turf.

Frequent light irrigation will have the opposite effect on the grass roots. It encourages the germination and growth of shallow rooted species such as crabgrass and creeping bentgrass. Too much irrigation water will lead to infestation by yellow nutsedge and annual bluegrass. Provide adequate watering near trees and hedges because they compete for available moisture.

Drainage is important to ensure roots are healthy and functioning. Waterlogged soils do not provide roots with the air they need to function properly. Install adequate drainage if needed.

Compaction should be avoided to prevent invasion by weeds that thrive in compacted soil. Knotweed and annual bluegrass often invade turfgrass where compaction, caused by excessive traffic is a problem. While aeration practices do help, the best answer is to modify the area to reduce traffic. Immediate resodding or reseeding of damaged areas discourages weed infestations.

Select turfgrass species to match the growing environment and the intended use. For example, fescues are tolerant to low-light intensity in shaded areas under trees and also tolerate low maintenance. Turf-type perennial ryegrass varieties are quick to establish in newly seeded areas and will crowd out germinating weeds. Kentucky bluegrass, although slow to establish, is very competitive once established.

Mechanical removal of weeds can be very effective if weed populations are not too high. Weeds can be removed by hand or pulling with a knife or V-shaped spudding tool. There are many new non-selective weed control tools on the market that use steam, hot water, super-heated water, propane flamers, etcetera. There is limited research on the level of control of these new non-selective weed control tools. It is recommended to try these tools in a small area to determine their effectiveness. Be aware of applicator safety.

Chemical Weed Control

Chemical weed control is often the easiest, most effective and cheapest way to control annual and perennial weeds when populations are very high.

New Turf

After seeding new turf, many annual weeds may emerge before the grass seedlings. If these young weeds are not controlled, they will shade and eventually crowd out much of the grass population. Mowing at a height of 6–8 cm will eliminate many such weeds. If they are extremely thick, 2,4-D at half the usual concentration (0.4–0.6 kg in 800 L water/ha) or mecoprop-P (0.4–0.6 kg in 400 L water/ha) can be used but not before the grass has been emerged for at least 4 weeks.

Established Turf

Applications of 2,4-D are most effective in the spring or in September when the weeds are growing well. This treatment generally thins clover. Weeds not normally controlled by 2,4-D may be controlled by mecoprop, or dicamba, or with combinations of one of these with 2,4‑D. Mecoprop and dicamba are also sold in commercial mixtures with 2,4-D. See Table 18-2. Susceptibility of Woody Plants to Various Herbicides and Mixtures as Foliage Sprays, page 378 the response of common weeds to various herbicides. Thorough wetting of the weed foliage is important.

Do NOT use mixtures containing dicamba close to shrubs, or other susceptible ornamentals at rates above 0.425 kg/ha (active). Prepared mixtures of this chemical and 2,4-D are effective on a wide range of turf weed species, including knotweed, which is not controlled by most other herbicides except when very young.

Broadleaf Herbicides

2,4-D controls many broadleaf weeds including dandelion, plantains, shepherd’s purse, smartweeds and vetch.

Mecoprop controls many 2,4-D and MCPA tolerant weeds such as chickweeds, clovers, ground-ivy and black medick, and is generally safer to use on bentgrass than 2,4-D.

Dicamba controls broadleaf weeds including 2,4-D tolerant weeds such as chickweeds, clover and young knotweed but does not adequately control plantains.

MCPA controls dandelion, plantains and shepherd’s purse. Weeds tolerant to MCPA include chickweeds, clovers and black medick. Two and three-way mixes of these herbicides extend the spectrum of weeds that are controlled compared to only one of these herbicides.

Grass Herbicides

BETASAN, DIMENSION and corn gluten meal based products can be applied before crabgrass emerges in the spring, and ACCLAIM SUPER and DIMENSION can be applied after emergence. Corn gluten meal based products can also be applied in the fall.

Herbicide Application Timings

Site Preparation or Preplant (PP) Treatments

Preplant treatments are applied before the turf is sown or planted. Also see Preplant Weed Control, Preplant – Site Preparation Prior to any Crop, page 90 for details of products, rates and remarks.

Preemergence (PRE)

Rainfall at 15–20 mm within 7–10 days after application is necessary to activate preemergence treatments. These materials prevent emergence of many weed seedlings without reducing turf stand. Apply immediately after seeding or at least before the emergence of the turf.

Postemergence (POST)

Herbicides are applied after the turf seeds have sprouted. Applied as directed, the weeds can be killed without injury to the turf. It is important to apply herbicides to weeds at their most susceptible stage. Smaller weeds are generally easier to kill but enough leaf surface is needed to intercept the required amount of herbicide.

TRADE NAME (Concentration) active ingredient	PRODUCT RATE PER HECTARE active rate per ha	PRODUCT RATE PER ACRE	PRECAUTIONS For more information, see Chapter 4, Herbicides Used in Ontario, page 27 and Chapter 5, Notes on Adjuvants, page 77.
Turfgrass
Preplant Herbicide
Apply in 200–300 L/ha (80–120 L/ac) water.
glyphosate (360 g/L)* or glyphosate (480 g/L)* or glyphosate (500 g/L)* or glyphosate (540 g/L)*   glyphosate	0.75–12 L/ha 0.56–9 L/ha 0.54–8.64 L/ha 0.67–8 L/ha   0.27–4.32 kg/ha	0.3–4.8 L/ac 0.22–3.6 L/ac 0.22–3.5 L/ac 0.27–3.2 L/ac	Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide that will kill turf that is sprayed. For actively growing weeds in the fall or spring prior to planting (otherwise turf will be killed). Allow 5–7 days translocation time after application before doing any tillage when conditions are good. If cool temperatures follow application, allow additional time for translocation to be completed before disturbing treated weeds. Only weeds emerged at application time will be controlled. Additional weed control programs will be necessary to control weeds germinating later. Repeat application to regrowth may be necessary for complete control. For specific information on product rate and notes for annual and perennial weed control, refer to Table 6-3. Specific Notes on Weeds Controlled and Product Rates Associated with Various Glyphosate Concentrations, page 90.
Preemergence Grass Herbicides
Apply in 800–1,000 L/ha (320–400 L/ac) water, unless otherwise stated.
BETASAN (480 g/L) or BETASAN (GR) (12.5 Gr)   bensulide	23–30 L/ha 125 kg/ha   11–14.4 kg/ha	9.2–12 L/ac 50 kg/ac	PRE – Apply to established turf before crabgrass emergence in early spring or in fall. Use the low rate for crabgrass and the high rate for annual bluegrass. Do NOT reseed the area for 1 year following treatment. Do NOT apply peatmoss to turf before application. Use ONLY on mineral soils.
DACTHAL W-75 (75 WP)   chlorthal dimethyl	15.5 kg/ha   11.625 kg/ha	6.2 kg/ac	PRE – Apply early in spring before weed seed germination. Apply in 450–1,100 L/ha (180–440 L/ac) water. Do NOT apply to Cohansey and Toronto bent. Do NOT re-seed for 60 days after application.
DIMENSION (124 g/L)   dithiopyr	3.5 L/ha   0.42 kg/ha	1.4 L/ac	PRE – Apply in established turf before crabgrass emergence. See POST application below. Apply in 200–800 L/ha (80–320 L/ac) water. Allow turf to recover from aeration or other stresses before application. Do NOT apply to putting greens during the first year of establishment. Check the label for sensitive varieties, including Colonial bentgrasses. Do NOT irrigate within 2 hours of application. Do NOT reseed for 3 months after application. May be tank-mixed with KILLEX or other broadleaf herbicides. Do NOT tank-mix with other products for application to putting greens.
Inhibitors of Smooth Crabgrass and Dandelion Seed Germination
NUTRITE PRE-EMERGENT, CRABGRASS WEED SEED GERMINATION INHIBITOR (100% corn gluten meal)   corn gluten meal	980 kg/ha or 9.8 kg/100 m2	392 kg/ac or 20 lbs/1,000 sq. ft.	The product may inhibit dandelion, white clover and smooth crabgrass weed seed germination when used in conjunction with a sound turf maintenance program. This product will not control emerged or established dandelion, white clover or smooth crabgrass. PRE – Apply to established turf twice each year; once in early spring and once in late summer or early fall to sports fields, parks, golf areas and sod farms. Apply using a rotary or small hand spreader. Spring application: apply two weeks before large crabgrass seed germination. Late summer or early fall: apply after heat stress has passed. Apply to a mature turf where established perennial ryegrass or established Kentucky bluegrass is the predominant species. Do NOT apply on newly seeded grass, wait until after first mowing. Do NOT apply under windy conditions. Do NOT apply in the spring if overseeding or resodding in the spring. Do NOT apply in the fall if overseeding or resodding in the fall. Do NOT apply if allergic to corn.
TURFMAIZE PRE-EMERGENT WEED SEED GERMINATION INHIBITOR (98% corn gluten meal)   corn gluten meal	970 kg/ha or 9.7 kg/100 m2	388 kg/ac or 20 lbs/1,000 sq. ft.	This product may inhibit dandelion and smooth crabgrass weed seed germination when used in conjunction with a sound turf maintenance program. This product will not control emerged or established dandelion or smooth crabgrass. PRE – Apply to Kentucky bluegrass turf twice a year: once in the early spring and once in the late summer/early fall. Apply using a rotary or small hand spreader. Spring application: apply to established Kentucky bluegrass turf in early spring before smooth crabgrass and dandelion seed germination. Late summer/early fall: apply to established Kentucky bluegrass turf in late summer or early fall after heat stress has passed. Apply when soil is moist and rain is forecasted within 2 days of treatment. If rainfall does not occur within 2 days of treatment, irrigation is required. Excessive moisture at time of treatment may reduce the effectiveness. Do NOT apply on newly seeded grass, wait until after first mowing. Do NOT apply in the spring if overseeding or resodding in the spring. Do NOT apply in the fall if overseeding or resodding in the fall. Do NOT apply if allergic to corn.
Postemergence Grass Herbicides
Apply in 400–800 L/ha (160–320 L/ac) water.
ACCLAIM SUPER EC (80.5 g/L)   fenoxaprop-p-ethyl	1.14 L/ha   0.092 kg/ha	0.46 L/ac	POST – For the control of crabgrass at the 1–4 leaf up to the multi-tiller stage. Good coverage is essential to control multi-tillered or grassy weeds in the reproductive phase. Make a second application on mature monostands 21 days after first application. Do NOT apply to bentgrass or seedling Kentucky bluegrass. Do NOT tank-mix with any other herbicide or pesticide. Do NOT apply broadleaf herbicides 7 days before or after ACCLAIM SUPER. Do NOT apply during periods of drought stress. Do NOT mow grass for 4 days before or after application. Do NOT irrigate within 3 hours after application.
DIMENSION (124 g/L)   dithiopyr	3.5–4.5 L/ha   0.43–0.56 kg/ha	1.4–1.8 L/ac	POST – For established turf until crabgrass reaches the 1–3 leaf stage before tillering; Do NOT apply after the 3 leaf stage. See PRE application above. Use the higher rate for larger plants or when area is heavily infested. Apply in 200–800 L/ha (80–320 L/ac) water. Allow turf to recover from aeration, or other stresses before application. Do NOT apply to putting greens during the first year of establishment. Check the label for sensitive varieties, including Colonial bentgrass. Do NOT irrigate within 2 hours of application. Do NOT reseed for 3 months after application. May be tank-mixed with KILLEX or other broadleaf herbicides. Do NOT tank-mix with other products for application to putting greens.
Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides
Apply in 200–400 L/ha (80–160 L/ac) water. Avoid contact with ornamentals and flowers. Avoid applying during hot, dry weather. Do NOT irrigate, rake, and/or mow until at least 24 hours after application. Do NOT apply to newly seeded turf until after second mowing.
2,4-D (470 g/L)* or 2,4-D (564 g/L)* or 2,4-D (660 g/L)*   2,4-D*	2.25 L/ha 2.7 L/ha 1.28–2.35 L/ha   0.8–1.5 kg/ha	0.9 L/ac 1.08–1 L/ac 0.51–0.94 L/ac	To control many broadleaf weeds including dandelion, lamb’s-quarters, mustards, peppergrass, pigweeds, plantains, shepherd’s-purse, smartweeds, and vetch. Damage may occur when applied to bentgrass. If used on bentgrass apply at 0.28 kg ai/ha. Some yellowing of bentgrass may occur.
2,4-D/dicamba/mecoprop-P (308 g/L)*   2,4-D/ dicamba/ mecoprop-P*	5.5 L/ha     1.7 kg/ha	2.2 L/ac	To control 2,4-D and MCPA tolerant weeds such as chickweeds, clovers, ground-ivy and black medick as well as many broadleaf weeds including dandelion, lamb’s-quarters, mustards, peppergrass, pigweeds, plantains, shepherd’s-purse, smartweeds, and vetch. In closely mowed bentgrass (greens) apply at half doses (30 mL/100 m2). Temporary yellowing of bentgrass may occur. Recovery from injury will occur 1 week after application. See precautions for VANQUISH, page 362.
2,4-D (470 g/L)* or 2,4-D (564 g/L)* or 2,4-D (660 g/L)* + MECOPROP (150 g/L)   2,4-D* + mecoprop-P	1.81–2.34 L/ha 1.51–1.95 L/ha 1.29–1.67 L/ha 5.67–7.34 L/ha   0.85–1.1 kg/ha 0.85–1.1 kg/ha	0.72–0.93 L/ac 0.6–0.78 L/ac 0.52–0.67 L/ac 2.27–2.93 L/ac	May be combined with VANQUISH (0.21 L/ha (0.08 L/ac)) for control of young knotweed. Damage may occur when applied to bentgrass. For newly established turf at least 4 weeks old, use 2,4-D at half the usual concentration (0.4–0.6 kg in 800 L water/ha) or mecoprop-P (0.4–0.6 kg in 400 L water/ha) for annual weeds.
BASAGRAN (480 g/L) + ASSIST   bentazon + oil concentrate	1.75 L/ha 2 L/ha   0.84 kg/ha 2 L/ha	0.7 L/ac 0.8 L/ac	Do NOT mow grass 3–5 days before and after application. Do NOT treat newly seeded turf until well established. Do NOT apply more than two applications per year. To control top growth of yellow nutsedge. Apply when nutsedge is young and actively growing. If needed, make 2 applications 10–14 days apart.
COMPITOX (150 g/L) or MECOPROP (150 g/L)   mecoprop-P	5.5–8.5 L/ha     0.83–1.28 kg/ha	2.2–3.4 L/ac	To control 2,4-D and MCPA tolerant weeds such as chickweeds, clovers, ground-ivy and black medick, as well as many broadleaf weeds. May be applied to bentgrass. Apply to dandelion prior to flowering. Repeated applications may be needed for dandelion and black medick.
FIESTA (4.43%)     iron (FeHEDTA)	0.04 L/0.96 L of water or 1L/24 L of water   4.43%	1 L of product will treat 62.5–125 m2 (672.5–1345 sq. ft.)	Apply the mixed solution at a rate of 200–400 mL/m2. Use the lower rate (200 mL/m2) on small weeds and the higher rate (400 mL/m2) on larger weeds. Uniform coverage is important on tough perennial weeds such as clover. Repeat treatment once in four or more weeks after the first treatment if necessary. Do NOT apply to drought stressed grass; ensure lawn is well watered prior to application. Do NOT apply when daytime temperatures exceed 30°C. Do NOT apply to bentgrass. Apply to established turf ONLY. Do not apply to newly seeded areas or to turf generated from seed that is less than 1 year old. Do NOT apply if rainfall is expected within 3 hours of application. Do NOT irrigate within 3 hours of application. Do NOT apply more than 2 times per year.
IPCO PREMIUM 2-WAY XP TURF HERBICIDE ((1:1) 400 g/L)   mecoprop-P/2,4-D	5 L/ha     2 kg/ha	2 L/ha	May be combined with VANQUISH (0.21 L/ha (0.08 L/ac)) for control of young knotweed. Damage may occur when applied to bentgrass. For newly established turf at least 4 weeks old, use 2,4-D at half the usual concentration (0.4–0.6 kg in 800 L water/ha) or mecoprop-P (0.4–0.6 kg in 400 L water/ha) for annual weeds. Do NOT apply more than two applications per year.
MCPA AMINE (500 g/L)*   MCPA*	1–2.5 L/ha   0.5–1.25 kg/ha	0.04–1 L/ac	For control of field horsetail, dandelion, lamb’s-quarters, mustards, plantains, shepherd’s‑purse, and wild carrot. Do NOT apply to bentgrass unless necessary, and then only at 0.28 kg/ha. Some yellowing of bentgrass may occur. Do NOT apply more than two applications per year. Use as a substitute for 2,4-D. At slightly higher rates than 2,4-D it usually provides comparable weed control to 2,4-D. Reduced control of dandelion and plantain may occur during dry, hot weather.
MECOTURF PLUS 2,4-D ((1:1) 400 g/L)   mecoprop-P/2,4-D	4.25–5.5 L/ha     1.7–2.2 kg/ha	1.7–2.2 L/ac	May be combined with VANQUISH (0.21 L/ha (0.08 L/ac)) for control of young knotweed. Damage may occur when applied to bentgrass. For newly established turf at least 4 weeks old, use 2,4-D at half the usual concentration (0.4–0.6 kg in 800 L water/ha) or mecoprop-P (0.4–0.6 kg in 400 L water/ha) for annual weeds.
MUNGER HORTICULTURAL VINEGAR PLUS   citric acid	1 L of product in 3 L of water   20%		Best results are achieved from spring and early summer applications to actively growing weeds. Degree of control depends on several factors, including size and stage of application. Apply on a mostly sunny day with temperatures at or above 21°C (70°F). Small annual weeds may be completely controlled with a single application. Use 1 L of product in 3 L of water to apply when weeds are small (3–5 leaf) and actively growing. Control of larger, more established weeds, not completely desiccated with 1 application may be short-term and require re-treatment. Use 1 L of product in 2.25 L of water for larger annual weeds and suppression of perennials. Complete coverage of undesireable vegetation is necessary to achieve control. Only contacted vegetation will be affected. Rainfall within 1 hour of application will reduce degree of control. Avoid spraying over desireable plants, fruits and vegetables.
ORGANO-SOL + surfactant XA oil concentrate or kornoil concentrate or assist oil       citric acid lactic acid + surfactant	Broadcast 25% Organo-sol : 3% surfactant : 72% water or 25 L : 3 L : 72 L   Spot 50% Organo-sol : 3% surfactant : 47% water or 50 L : 3 L : 47 L   19.71 g/L 17.69 g/L		Do NOT apply to newly seeded grasses as severe injury may result. Application can start in May or later. To provide consistent partial suppression of weeds repeat application every 14 days for at least 5 applications in a season. Chlorosis to turf may be observed following application, but turf normally recovers in 3 weeks. Do NOT contaminate irrigation or drinking water supplies or aquatic habitats by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes. Do NOT apply by air. Avoid spraying over desirable plants, fruits and vegetables.
SARRITOR   Sclerotinia minor (strain IMI 344141)	40–60 g/m2		For suppression of dandelion and other broadleaf weeds. Apply when daytime high temperatures are 18–24°C and rainfall occurs within 12 hours of application. Use higher rate when environmental conditions are sub-optimal or when dandelion pressure is high. Do NOT mow for 3 days after application. Do NOT allow contact with non-target, desirable plant species as severe damage may occur.
VANQUISH (480 g/L) or VMD 480 (480 g/L)   dicamba	0.28 L/ha 1.25 L/ha   0.6–0.13 kg/ha	0.11 L/ac 0.50 L/ac	Do NOT apply to bentgrass. Do NOT apply near shallow rooted perennials to avoid root uptake and injury. To control broadleaf weeds including 2,4-D tolerant weeds such as chickweeds, clover and young knotweed, but will not adequately control plantain. Prepared mixtures of VANQUISH and 2,4-D are effective on a wide range of turf weed species, including knotweed, which is not controlled by most other herbicides except when very young. Do NOT use mixtures containing VANQUISH close to shrubs, or other susceptible ornamentals, at rates above 0.425 kg/ha (active). Do NOT mow grass 1 day after application.
Renovation
Mow and thoroughly rake the turf to be renovated to remove all dead and cut vegetation.
glyphosate (360 g/L)* or glyphosate (480 g/L)* or glyphosate (500 g/L)* or glyphosate (540 g/L)*   glyphosate	2.5–12 L/ha 1.8–9 L/ha 3.4–5 L/ha 1.67–8 L/ha   0.86–4.3 kg/ha	1–4.8 L/ac 0.72–3.6 L/ha 1.36–2 L/ha 0.67–3.2 L/ha	Apply in 100–300 L/ha (40–120 L/ac) water after omitting at least 1 regular mowing. Ideally delay tillage 7 days after application to allow for proper translocation into underground plant parts. Direct seeding into the killed turf (no tillage) may be carried out.
* See Table 4-1. Herbicides Used in Ontario, page 29, for formulations available. Not all formulations are registered on turf. See label for specific uses and rates.