Publication 360, Fruit Production Recommendations:
Grape Calendar - Shoot length, 20-25 cm

Table of Contents

1. Shoot length, 20-25 cm
   • Phylloxera (leaf form)
   • Grape berry moth
     
   • Phomopsis cane and leaf spot
   • Black rot
   • Powdery mildew
   • Downy mildew
   • Precautions
     
2. Other grape calendar sections
   • Bud burst to first leaf
   • First leaf, 1.25-5.0 cm shoot length
   • 3-5 leaves unfolded, 10-15 cm shoot length
   • Trace bloom (first cap fall)
   • Immediate post-bloom to early fruit set
   • Berries pea-sized
   • Berry touch to cluster closure
   • Beginning of ripening (veraison) through harvest
   • Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need)
     
3. Other topics on grapes
   • Grape growth stages
   • Grape nutrition
   • Notes on grape insects & diseases
   • Mating disruption (MD) technology for grape berry moth
   • Table 6-4. Products used on grapes
   • Table 6-5. Relative disease susceptibilities of grape cultivars
   • Table 6-6. Activity of fungicides on grape diseases
4. Grape calendar (PDF 172 kb)
5. Pub 360 - Chapter 6 Grapes (PDF 225 kb)
6. Related Links

Phylloxera (leaf form) (Shoot length, 20-25 cm)

• Materials: Use one of:
  • Movento 240 SC @ 365 mL/ha
• Comments: Movento works slowly so control may not be apparent for 2-3 weeks. Apply when galls are first observed, but do not apply before this growth stage because there will not be enough leaf area for product uptake. Movento will redistribute to young leaves as they develop. Consecutive applications should be at least 30 days apart. See the Movento label for additional details.

Grape berry moth (Shoot length, 20-25 cm)

• Materials: Use one of:
  • Isomate-GBM Plus @ 500 dispensers/ha
• Comments: Apply prior to first flight to reduce mating of grape berry moths. Vineyard blocks must be square and larger than 2 ha. Border sprays of insecticide or higher rates of pheromone (1000 dispensers per ha) may be required where grape berry moth pressure is high. Attach dispensers onto upper training wire of vines with a single twist. Monitor for GBM and other pests throughout the season to determine if insecticides are needed. Dispensers release pheromone for up to 150 days, depending on temperature. For more information, see Using mating disruption to control grape berry moth.
• For more information, see Ontario GrapeIPM - Grape berry moth

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Shoot length, 20-25 cm)

• Materials: Use one of:
  • Supra Captan 80 WDG (see label)
    or Maestro 80 DF @ 2.0 kg/ha
  • Folpan 80 WDG @ 1.25 kg/ha
    
• Comments: Spray susceptible varieties, especially if the weather is wet or there is a history of phomopsis in the vineyard. See Table 6-5. Relative Susceptibility of Grape Cultivars to Diseases. Use enough water to ensure complete coverage.

Black rot (Shoot length, 20-25 cm)

• Materials: Use one of:
  • Nova 40 W @ 200 g/ha
  • Sovran @ 240 g/ha
  • Flint 50 WG @ 140 g/ha
  • Pristine WG @ 735 g/ha
  • Polyram DF (see label)
  • Ferbam 76 WDG (see label)
• Comments: Nova 40 W: For resistance management, apply once then rotate to a different group. Use no more than twice per season.
  Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
  Flint 50 WG: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.
  Pristine WG: Do not use on Concord, Fredonia or related varieties due to possible injury.
  Pristine, Sovran and Flint: Do not alternate within this group. For resistance management, use once then rotate to a different group. Use no more than two applications of any of this group per season.

Powdery mildew (Shoot length, 20-25 cm)

• Materials: Use one of:
  • Sovran @ 300 g/ha
  • Flint 50 WG @ 140 g/ha
  • Pristine WG @ 420-735 g/ha
  • Lance WDG @ 315 g/ha
  • Nova 40 W @ 200 g/ha
    
  • Dikar @ 5.5 kg/ha
  • Microscopic Sulphur (see label)
    or Kumulus DF @ 12.6 kg/ha
  • MilStop @ 2.8 kg/ha
  • Serenade ASO @ 9.0-15.0 L/ha
    
• Comments: Spray at 7-10 day intervals to protect expanding leaves and developing fruit clusters. Spray at shorter intervals in rainy weather. If bloom is delayed or wet weather is expected, spray again.
  Pristine, Sovran and Flint: Do not alternate within this group. For resistance management, use no more than two applications of any of this group per season. Do not use if sporulating lesions are visible.
  Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
  Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.
  Pristine: For resistance management, use the 735 g/ha rate. Do not use on Concord, Fredonia or related varieties due to possible injury.
  Pristine and Lance: Do not alternate Pristine with Lance. For resistance management, use no more than two applications of either product per season.
  Nova: For resistance management, use no more than two applications per season. Do not use if sporulating lesions are visible.
  MilStop: Apply in 500 L water per ha. MilStop creates a mildly alkaline solution. Do not tank mix with pH adjusters, oil, or products not compatible with mild alkaline solutions. MilStop works as an eradicant and has no protective activity.
  Serenade ASO: Provides suppression of powdery mildew. See Table 2-6. Efficacy Ratings for Pesticides and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade ASO, Serenade MAX).
• For more information, see Ontario GrapeIPM - Powdery mildew
  

Downy mildew (Shoot length, 20-25 cm)

Spray at 7 day intervals to protect expanding leaves and developing fruit clusters. Spray at shorter intervals in rainy weather. If bloom is delayed or wet weather is expected, spray again.

• Materials: Use one of:
  • Revus @ 500 mL/ha
  • Sovran @ 300 g/ha
  • Pristine WG @ 675-735 g/ha
  • Dikar @ 5.5 kg/ha
  • Polyram DF (see label)
  • Maestro 80 DF @ 2.0 kg/ha or Supra Captan 80 WDG (see label)
  • Folpan 80 WDG @ 1.25 kg/ha
  • Copper Spray @ 3 kg + 6 kg lime/1,000 L
  • Guardsman Copper Oxychloride @ 3 kg + 6 kg lime/ha
  • Gavel 75 DF @ 2.25 kg/ha
  • Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG @ 2.5 kg/ha
• Comments: Spray at 7 day intervals to protect expanding leaves and developing fruit clusters. Spray at shorter intervals in rainy weather. If bloom is delayed or wet weather is expected, spray again.
  Revus: Use with a non-ionic adjuvant (0.125% volume: volume). Do not use Revus plus adjuvant tank-mixed with sulphur on sulphur-sensitive varieties. For resistance management, rotate to a different chemical group after each application. Do not use if sporulating lesions are present. Use no more than four applications per season.
  Sovran: Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
  Pristine: For resistance management, use the 735 g/ha rate. Do not use on Concord, Fredonia or related varieties due to possible injury.
  Pristine and Sovran: Do not alternate Sovran with Pristine. For resistance management, use no more than two applications of any of this group per season. Do not use if sporulating lesions are present.
  Copper Spray and Guardsman Copper Oxychloride: Do not apply on Seibel varieties (De Chaunac),
  Ridomil Gold MZ: Use no more than one prebloom application.
  

 

Precautions

• Read the product label and follow all safety precautions. Some grape varieties are sensitive to Sulphur, Thionex, Copper, Dikar, Flint, Pristine, Dikar plus Zolone, or other products. See Table 6-5. Relative Susceptibility of Grape Cultivars to Diseases, for specific information.
• For preharvest intervals, re-entry periods, maximum number of applications and chemical groups, see Table 6-4. Products Used on Grapes.
• Resistance management: To delay development of resistance to fungicides, miticides and insecticides, follow resistance management guidelines outlined in Pest Resistance to Insecticides, Fungicides, Miticides. In addition, take the following steps to avoid rapid development of fungicide resistance:
  • Do not reduce rates below those specified on the label.
  • Do not use Nova, Sovran, Flint, Lance, Revus, or Pristine as eradicants when sporulating lesions of the target disease are present.
  • Use sufficient water to provide thorough coverage.
• Preharvest intervals: Contact the processors and wineries directly in regard to their preharvest interval policy. Preharvest intervals listed in Table 6-4. Products Used on Grapes are taken from product labels. In some cases, regulations on residues in finished products (e.g. wine) are much more stringent. Many processors require longer preharvest intervals than stated on product labels. Some processors and wineries also have special restrictions for certain pest control products regarding number of applications or application after a certain crop stage. Consult the grape purchaser for more details.
• Spray water volumes: Sufficient water volumes are necessary to provide complete coverage with grape fungicides, miticides and insecticides. Increased water volumes are necessary as the season progresses and canopies grow. Canopy management through hedging, leaf-pulling and shoot thinning, as well as proper sprayer calibration, are critical to ensure proper spray coverage. Sufficient coverage and efficacy are not possible if water volumes are inadequate. Some types of sprayers are able to provide sufficient coverage with less water than others. Consult equipment dealers or professional crop consultants about the amount of water needed to ensure adequate coverage. Read and follow water volume requirements on all product labels.

Related Links

• Notes on Grape Pests
• Grapes in Ontario
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Pesticide Application and Safety
• Pesticide Companies and Agents
• Search the PMRA website
• Ontario Minor Use Program
• OMAFRA Publication 505: Ontario Weeds
• OMAFRA Publication 75: Guide To Weed Control: Grapes