Publication 360 - Plum Calendar for Ontario

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The Plum Calendar is an excerpt from Publication 360 - Fruit Production Recommendations, 2006 - 2007 version

Table of Contents

1. Pub 360 Chapter 10 - Tender Fruit (Stone Fruit and Pears) - Plum Calendar pgs. 251 - 253 - (Pdf format 60k)
2. Green tip (just as buds are bursting)
3. Prebloom (when blossoms show white)
4. Bloom
5. Shuck (when most of the shucks are off)
6. First cover (12 days after Shuck)
7. Summer spray
8. Second cover
9. Prepick
10. Special sprays (when monitoring indicated the need)
11. Table 10-15. Products Used on Plums

Read the label and follow all safety precautions.
Consult the product label for suggested water volumes. Otherwise, use enought water to ensure thorough spray coverage. Where the product rate is listed in amount/1,000 L and if a water volume is not provided on the label, use enough water to wet the foliage to the near drip point.
For resistance management, refer to Pest Resistance to Insecticides, Fungicides, Miticides, on page 54.
For preharvest interval, re-entry period, maximum number of applications and chemical group, see Table 10-15. Products Used on Plums, on page 253.

**Page numbers refer to pages in Publication 360 - Fruit Production Recommendations**

Green tip (just as buds are bursting)

Diseases and Insects

• European red mite
• Scale insects

Materials and Amount/ha

• Superior 70 Oil @ 20 L / 1,000 L water

Comments

Spray on a calm day to improve coverage.

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Prebloom (when blossoms show white)

Diseases and Insects

• Brown rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Topas 250 E @ 500 mL
• Rovral @ 1.50 kg
• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ 4.50 kg
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 4.50 kg
• Microscopic Sulphur @ see label
• Funginex 190 EC @ 2.50 L
• Vangard 75 WG @ 370 g
• Lance WDG @ 370 g
• Indar 75 WSP @ 140 g
• Mission 418 EC @ 300 mL

Comments

To help control brown rot, knock off fruit mummies when pruning. Cultivate entire orchard before bloom. Make two to three applications from early to full bloom. To avoid resistance, alternate between fungicides and do not use more than two applications of Rovral or Vangard per year. See Brown rot control, on page 215.
Sulphur helps control rust mites on European plums and prunes.
Captan or Maestro may cause injury under some circumstances. Injury has occurred on Grand Prize, Early Golden, Shiro, Burbank and Ozark Premier.
Topas or Mission will suppress black knot.

Diseases and Insects

• Black knot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ 4.50 kg
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 4.50 kg
• Indar 75 WSP @ 140 g
• Mission 418 EC @ 300 mL

Comments

Destroy affected wild and neglected plums near orchard. Cut out all black knots before March. Make the cut 15 cm below the swelling. Collect and burn all prunings with knots. Knots left lying on the ground are a source of spores that start new infections. Inspect all plums in early summer for new knots and those missed. Cut these out and burn them. European plums, prunes and damsons are most susceptible. Apply fungicide sprays to protect the developing shoots between the popcorn stage (prebloom) and first cover every three to five days in wet weather. Spore release may be delayed in dry springs when rains are delayed until after bloom. Under these conditions extend fungicide coverage
to first cover. See OMAFRA Factsheet, Black Knot of Plums, Order No. 05-017.
Mission provides suppression of black knot, see label.

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Bloom

Do not apply insecticides while blueberries are in bloom. See bee poisoning on page 79.

Diseases and Insects

• Brown rot (Blossom blight)

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the fungicides listed under Prebloom.
  

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Shuck (when most of the shucks are off)

Diseases and Insects

• Brown rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Topas 250 E @ 500 mL
• Rovral @ 1.50 kg
• Microscopic Sulphur @ see label
• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ 4.50 kg
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 4.50 kg
• Vangard 75 WG @ 740 g
• Lance WDG @ 370 g
• Indar 75 WSP @ 140 g

Comments

To avoid resistance, alternate between fungicides and do not use more than two applications of Vangard or Rovral/ season. See Brown rot control, on page 215.
Captan or Maestro may cause leaf injury and spotting of the fruit on Stanley and Japanese plums under some circumstances.
Topas or Mission will suppress black knot.

Diseases and Insects

• Black knot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ 4.50 kg
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 4.50 kg
• Indar 75 WSP @ 140 g

Comments

Captan or Maestro may cause leaf injury and spotting of the fruit on Stanley and Japanese plums under some circumstances.

Diseases and Insects

• Plum curculio

Materials and Amount/ha

• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.75 kg

Comments

If temperatures are high, spray when the shucks split.

Diseases and Insects

• European red mite

Materials and Amount/ha

• Kelthane 50 W @ 3.25 kg

Comments

If oil was used at green tip, a spray for mites is likely not required at this time unless leaf bronzing is apparent on new shoot tissue.

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First cover (12 days after Shuck)

Diseases and Insects

• Brown rot
• Leaf spot
• Black knot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the fungicides listed under Shuck.

Comments

Captan or Maestro may cause leaf injury and spotting on the fruit of Stanley and Japanese plums under some circumstances.

Diseases and Insects

• Plum curculio

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the insecticides listed uner Shuck.

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Summer spray

Diseases and Insects

• European red mite

Materials and Amount/ha

• Kelthane 50 W @ 3.25 kg

Comments

Repeated use of Kelthane has led to resistant mite populations in the past. Monitor carefully and use a miticide only if leaf bronzing is apparent on new leaf tissue.

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Second cover

Diseases and Insects

• Brown rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Topas 250 E @ 500 mL
• Rovral @ 1.50 kg
• Microscopic Sulphur @ see label
• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ 4.50 kg
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 4.50 kg
• Vangard 75 WG @ 740 g
• Lance WDG @ 370 g
• Indar 75 WSP @ 140 g

Comments

During wet weather repeat applications between pickings. Check preharvest interval. See Table 10-15. Products Used on Plums, on page 253.
Topas: Apply no more than two applications of this fungicide in the three weeks prior to harvest.

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Prepick

Diseases and Insects

• Brown rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the fungicides listed under Second cover.

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Special sprays (when monitoring indicated the need)

Diseases and Insects

• Aphids

Materials and Amount/ha

• Thiodan 50 WP @ 3.25 kg
  or Thionex 50 W @ 3.25 kg
• Diazinon 50 W @ 3.00 kg

Comments

Apply only if aphids are a problem. Very thorough coverage and calm warm conditions are needed for good control.

Diseases and Insects

• Apple maggot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Diazinon 50 W @ 3.00 kg
• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.75 kg

Comments

If apple maggot has been a problem on blue plums and prunes, apply two or three sprays during July and August.

Diseases and Insects

• Peachtree borer
• Lesser peachtree borer

Materials and Amount/ha

• Thiodan 50 WP @ 1.5 kg/ 1,000 L
  or Thionex 50 W @ 1.5 kg/ 1,000 L
  or Thiodan 4 EC @ 1.75 L/ 1,000 L
• Sevin XLR @ 6.25 L

Comments

Apply three sprays, three weeks apart. Apply first spray ten days after first adult catch in pheromone traps. Direct these sprays with a handgun to cover trunk and scaffold limbs thoroughly. Check preharvest intervals and do not spray if fruit is to be harvested during this period.

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Table 10-15. Products Used on Plums

Use this table as a guide, but refer to product label for specific information.

The preharvest interval is the number of days between the last spray and first harvest.

The re-entry period is the minimum interval that must be observed between applying the pesticide and working in the treated crop without protective equipment. If no re-entry period is stated on the label, assume that the spray solution must be dry before re-entry can occur.

The maximum number of applications is the labelled maximum number for the growing season, and may be higher than what is recommended for resistance management or for preserving beneficial insects.

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