Publication 360 - Pear Calendar for Ontario

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The Pear Calendar is an excerpt from Publication 360 - Fruit Production Recommendations, 2006 - 2007 version

Table of Contents

1. Pub 360 Chapter 10 - Tender Fruit (Stone Fruit and Pears) - Pear Calendar pgs. 243 - 248 - (Pdf format 100k)
2. Dormant
3. Green tip
4. Prebloom (as blossoms show white at tips)
5. Bloom
6. Petal fall
7. Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need at petal fall)
8. First cover (about June 25)
9. Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need at first cover)
10. Summer sprays
11. Second cover
12. Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need about mid-Aug. and early Sept.)
13. Postharvest treatment
14. Guidelines for Protecting Young Non-Bearing Pear Plantings
15. Table 10-13. Products Used on Pears

Read the label and follow all safety precautions.
Consult the product label for suggested water volumes. Otherwise, use enought water to ensure thorough spray coverage. Where the product rate is listed in amount/1,000 L and if a water volume is not provided on the label, use enough water to wet the foliage to the near drip point.
For resistance management, refer to Pest Resistance to Insecticides, Fungicides, Miticides, on page 54.
For preharvest interval, re-entry period, maximum number of applications and chemical group, see Table 10-14. Products Used on Pears, on page 247.

**Page numbers refer to pages in Publication 360 - Fruit Production Recommendations**

Dormant

Diseases and Insects

• Scale insects
• Pear psylla

Materials and Amount/ha

• Superior 70 Oil @ 20 L/ 1,000 L water

Comments

Use 2,000-3,000 L of water/ha. Good coverage is essential.
Do not apply full rate of oil more than once per season.

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Green tip

Diseases and Insects

• Scab

Materials and Amount/ha

• Equal 65 WP @ 3.25 kg
• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ 3.75 kg
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 3.75 kg
• Dikar @ 6.75 kg
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g
• Sovran @ 240 g
• Scala SC @ 1.00 L

Comments

Start scab control early and repeat the spray if weather remains wet.
Captan or Maestro: Do not use on d'Anjou pears.
Dikar: If used at ten-day intervals, controls pear scab and pear psylla nymphs. It also suppresses European red mite and rust mite populations. Do not use Dikar within 45 days of harvest. Higher water volumes aid in mite suppression.
Sovran or Flint: Apply up to two sequential sprays, followed by two or more applications of a fungicide with a different mode of action. Where disease pressure is high, use up to 360g/ha Sovran. Maximum four applications Sovran or Flint per season.
Scala: Do not use within 72 days of harvest.

Diseases and Insects

• European red mite
• Pear psylla

Materials and Amount/ha

• Superior 70 Oil @ 20 L/ 1,000 L water

Comments

Best applied at or near Green tip for mites. Use 2,000- 3,000 L of water/ha. Good coverage is essential. Oil does not control rust mite. Do not apply full rate of oil more than once per season. Do not use Captan or Maestro within 14 days of an application of Superior Oil.

Diseases and Insects

• Pear psylla

Materials and Amount/ha

• Surround WP @ 50.00 kg

Comments

Begin spray program before overwintering adults are active. Make two applications at 50 kg/ha, seven days apart, to establish a base layer. Continue applications at 7-14 day intervals.
Surround may interfere with optimum bee activity. Do not apply Surround during the green cluster bud to petal fall stage.
See Using Surround as a Pest Management Tool, on page 105.

Diseases and Insects

• Oriental fruit moth

Materials and Amount/ha

• Isomate M100 @ 250 dispensers/ha
• Isomate Rosso @ 500 dispensers/ha

Comments

Pheromone mating disruption products will not control other pests that may be present in the orchard. Initial OFM population must be low. Use in square or rectangular orchard blocks at least 4 ha. in size. Apply before moth flight begins. For more information on mating disruption refer to Oriental fruit moth, on page 219 and OMAFRA Factsheets, Mating Disruption for Management of Insect Pests, Order No.
03-079 and Mating Disruption for Management of Oriental Fruit Moth in Stone and Pome Fruit, Order No. 04-029.
Isomate M100: Make a second application 75-80 days after the first.
Isomate Rosso: provides mating disruption for up to 120 days. In crops with long field seasons, make a second application.
If desired, use both an insecticide and mating disruption for managing first generation OFM (see Petal fall).

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Prebloom (as blossoms show white at tips)

Diseases and Insects

• Scab

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use on of the materials listed for scab control under Green tip. Repeat spray if weather remains wet.

Diseases and Insects

• Rust mite
• European red mite

Materials and Amount/ha

• Carzol SP @ 1.10 kg
• Kelthane 50 W @ 3.25 kg

Comments

Carzol is harsh on beneficial mites and honeybees.
Kelthane: If Kelthane has been used for four or more
years, choose a different product, because resistant mites are likely present.

Diseases and Insects

• Pear psylla

Materials and Amount/ha

• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Thiodan 50 WP @ 6.75 kg
  or Thionex 50 W @ 6.75 kg
• Pyramite @ 600 g
• Assail 70 WP @ 120 g

Comments

To avoid resistance problems, pyrethroids are not recommended at this time. Refer to comments at First cover.
Guthion or Sniper also control green fruitworm. Maximum three applications per season.
Pyramite: Maximum two applications per season.
Assail: Maximum four applications per season.
Thiodan or Thionex: Maximum two applications after calyx.

Diseases and Insects

• Green fruitworm
• Obliquebanded leafroller

Materials and Amount/ha

• Dipel 2X DF @ 1.12 kg
  or Foray 48 BA @ 2.80 L
• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.75 kg
• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Success 480 SC @ 182 mL

Comments

Dipel and Foray are most effective when larvae are actively feeding and weather is warm and dry for three days after application. Make two to three applications to cover the extended emergence of overwintering larvae.

Diseases and Insects

• Plant bugs

Materials and Amount/ha

• Thiodan 50 WP @ 4.50 kg
  or Thionex 50 W @ 4.50 kg

Comments

Also helps control psylla.

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Bloom

There are special pollination requirements for pears. See Pollination Requirements for Fruit Crops, on page 77.

Do not apply insecticides while pears are in bloom. See bee poisoning on page 79.

Diseases and Insects

• Fire blight

Materials and Amount/ha

• Streptomycin 17 @ 600 g/ 1,000 L

Comments

Sprays are most effective when applied dilute (high volumes of water) prior to a wetting period. Use alone for best results. Because Streptomycin 17 is UV light sensitive it is only effective for two to three days. If warm wet conditions (above 20°C) prevail, two to three sprays during bloom may be required for fire blight control. To avoid resistance use a maximum of three sprays per season. See Fire blight of pear, on page 249 and OMAFRA Factsheet, Fire blight of Apple and Pear in Ontario, Order No. 02-011.

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Petal fall

Diseases and Insects

• Plum curculio

Materials and Amount/ha

• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label

Diseases and Insects

• Pear psylla

Materials and Amount/ha

• Agri-Mek 1.9% EC @ 1.00 L
• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Thiodan 50 WP @ 6.75 kg
  or Thionex 50 W @ 6.75 kg
• Pyramite @ 600 g
• Assail 70 WP @ 120 g
• Surround WP @ 50 kg

Comments

Agri-Mek: Do not use within 14 days of a Captan or Maestro application. Apply no later than 21 days after petal fall for best results. Apply Agri-Mek with 10 L superior oil and a minimum of 1,000 L of water/ha, when most mites are in the nymphal stage. May cause russetting to d'Anjou and other sensitive varieties. Maximum one application per season. Alternate yearly with other insecticides (e.g. Mitac). Agri-Mek will not control plum curculio.
Guthion or Sniper: Maximum three applications per season.
Pyramite: Maximum two applications per season.
Assail: Maximum four applications per season.
Thiodan or Thionex: Maximum two applications after calyx.
Surround may interfere with optimum bee activity. Do not apply during the green cluster bud to petal fall stage. See Using Surround as a pest management tool, on page 105.

Diseases and Insects

• Oriental fruit moth

Materials and Amount/ha

• Decis 5 EC @ 250 mL
• Assail 70 WP @ 240 g

Comments

Begin applications at egg hatch, usually three to six days after peak OFM flight as indicated by regional trap catches. Alternate products from different families. See Table 10- 14. Products used on Pears, to prevent the development of resistance.
Decis: Maximum three sprays per season.
Assail: Maximum of four applications per season.

Diseases and Insects

• Rust mite
• European red mie

Materials and Amount/ha

• Carzol SP
• Kelthane 50 W
• Envidor 240 SC

Comments

To control rust mite and prevent russetted fruit, apply a miticide at prebloom or petal fall. Alternate miticides.
Carzol is harsh on beneficial mites and honeybees.
Kelthane: If Kelthane has been used for four or more years, choose a different product, because resistant mites are likely present.

Diseases and Insects

• Leaf spots
• Scab

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the fungicides listed for scab at Green tip.

Comments

If wet weather persists, additional sprays will be needed for scab control before first cover. Where there is a problem, spray at petal fall and first cover. A dilute spray is necessary for good control.

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Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need at petal fall)

Diseases and Insects

• Codling moth

Materials and Amount/ha

• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.75 kg
• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Assail 70 WP @ 170 g

Comments

For sites with a history of codling moth damage, apply one of these insecticides. Codling moth might be a problem if pear plantings are located near wild apple, pear and other hosts infested with codling moth. Use codling moth timing as recommended for apple.

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First cover (about June 25)

Diseases and Insects

• Pear psylla

Materials and Amount/ha

• Mitac WP @ 2.50 kg
• Thiodan 50 WP @ 6.75 kg
  or Thionex 50 W @ 6.75 kg
• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Decis 5 EC @ 350 mL
• Ripcord 400 EC @ 175 mL
• Pounce @ 520 mL
• Matador 120 EC @ 83 mL
• Agri-Mek 1.9% EC @ 1.00 L
• Pyramite @ 600 g
• Assail 70 WP @ 120 g
• Surround WP @ 50 kg

Comments

Apply when the majority of the population is in early instar stages.
Where plum curculio is a later season problem, use one of the materials recommended at petal fall.
Mitac: Use only when populations of psylla are high, e.g., greater than 25 active per sucker. Mitac also controls European red mite. For resistance management, maximum one application per year.
Decis, Ripcord, Pounce, Matador: Resistance to these pyrethroid insecticides is widespread.
Agri-Mek: Apply no later than 21 days after petal fall. Apply with 10 L Superior Oil and a minimum of 1,000 L of water/ha. Apply when most mites are in the nymphal stage. May cause russetting to d'Anjou and other sensitive varieties. Do not use oil within 14 days of a Captan or Maestro application.
Surround: See Using Surround as a Pest Management Tool, on page 105.

Diseases and Insects

• Scab

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the fungicides listed under Green tip, on page 243. Reduce rate of Equal to 2.25 kg/ha in cover sprays.
  

Diseases and Insects

• Obliquebanded leafroller

Materials and Amount/ha

• Dipel 2X DF @ 1.12 kg
  or Foray 48 BA @ 2.80 L
• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.75 kg
• Success 480 SC @ 182 mL

Comments

Resistance to the organophosphates such as Imidan and Guthion is becoming more widespread. All of these products will only suppress leafroller populations.

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Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need at first cover)

Diseases and Insects

• Blister mite

Materials and Amount/ha

• Sevin XLR @ 6.25 L
• Thiodan 50 WP @ 4.50 kg
  or Thionex 50 W @ 4.50 kg

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Summer sprays

Diseases and Insects

• Pear psylla

Materials and Amount/ha

• Mitac WP @ 2.50 kg
• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Thiodan 50 WP @ 6.75 kg
  or Thionex 50 W @ 6.75 kg
• Decis 5 EC @ 350 mL
• Ripcord 400 EC @ 175 mL
• Pounce @ 520 mL
• Matador 120 EC @ 83 mL
• Pyramite @ 600 g
• Assail 70 WP @ 120 g
• Surround WP @ 50 kg

Comments

Apply when majority of the population is in early instar stages.
Mitac: For resistance management, use only once per season and when populations of psylla are high, e.g., greater than 25 active/sucker. Mitac also controls European red mite.
Guthion is the most effective summer insecticide to control codling moth, if it should become a problem.
Do not exceed maximum number of applications for any product. See Table 10-14. Products used on Pears, on page 247.
See Using Surround as a Pest Management Tool, on page 105.

Diseases and Insects

• Codling moth

Materials and Amount/ha

• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.75 kg
• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label

Comments

Codling moth can be a problem if pear plantings are located near wild apple, wild pear and other hosts infested with codling moth. Mitac and Agri-Mek in pear psylla programs provide no protection of fruit against codling moth. For sites with a history of codling moth damage, apply one of these insecticides. Use codling moth timing as recommended for apple.

Diseases and Insects

• Mites

Materials and Amount/ha

• Kelthane 50 W @ 3.25 kg
• Carzol SP @ 1.10 kg
• Pyramite @ 300 g
• Envidor 240 SC @ 0.75 L

Comments

Examine orchards for red mite and rust mite injury about July 15-20 or 10-15 days after using a pyrethroid. Check preharvest intervals on page 247. Alternate miticides.
Carzol is harsh on beneficial mites.

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Second cover

Diseases and Insects

• Scab

Materials and Amount

• Use one of the fungicides listed under Green tip. Reduce rate of Equal to 2.25 kg/ha in cover sprays. Check preharvest intervals on page 247

Diseases and Insects

• Sooty blotch

Materials and Amount/ha

• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ 3.75 kg
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 3.75 kg
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g

Comments

Repeat spray for sooty blotch two weeks later. Do not use Captan or Maestro on d'Anjou pears.

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Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need about mid-Aug. and early Sept.)

Diseases and Insects

• Codling moth

Materials and Amount

• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.75 kg
• Assail 70 WP @ 170 g

Comments

Codling moth can infest pear as maturation and ripening begins. Bosc pears can be heavily infested and may require two preharvest sprays about two weeks apart.

Diseases and Insects

• Oriental fruit moth

Materials and Amount/ha

• Decis 5 EC @ 250 mL
• Assail 70 WP @ 240 g

Comments

For Bosc, d'Anjou and Barlett a spray seven to ten days prior to harvest is recommended in orchards adjacent to or near peaches.

Diseases and Insects

• Obliquebanded leafroller

Materials and Amount/ha

• Dipel 2X DF @ 1.12 kg
  or Foray 48 BA @ 2.80 L
• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.75 kg
• Success 480 SC @ 182 mL
  

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Postharvest treatment

Diseases and Insects

• Blue mould

Materials and Amount

• Mertect SC @ 500 mL/ 500 L water

Comment

For use in dip tank or drencher. Continuous agitation required. Follow label intructions. Does not control any blue mould (Penicillium) or grey mould (Botrytis), which is resistant to benzimidazole fungicides (e.g.,Benlate).

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Guidelines for Protecting Young Non-Bearing Pear Platings

The following program provides protection when needed for newly planted trees.

To improve pest control, remove neglected fruit trees in the area, select intercrops carefully, if used, and maintain a clean, weed free environment.

To determine the appropriate rate for small trees, see the product label, and refer to OMAFRA Factsheet, Guide for Spraying Tree Fruits, Order No. 00-035. Additional products are listed in the calendar for bearing fruits.

Diseases and Insects

• Fire blight

Materials

• Streptomycin 17

Comment

Avoid excess nitrogen applications. Conducts regular leaf analysis. See Fire blight of pear, on page 249 and OMAFRA Factsheet, Fire Blight of Apple and Pear in Ontario, Order No. 02-011.

Diseases and Insects

• Pear psylla

Materials

• Thiodan 50 WP
  or Thionex 50 W

Comment

If nymphs are observed, spray when 75 % of the petals have fallen in nearby bearing orchards.

Diseases and Insects

• Leaf-feeding insects

Materials

• Imidan 50 WP

Comment

Apply at any time when small caterpillars are feeding.

Diseases and Insects

• Pear psylla (summer broods)

Materials

• Thiodan 50 WP
  or Thionex 50 W

Comment

Target early nymphal stages.

Diseases and Insects

• European red mite

Materials

• Carzol SP
• Envidor 240 SC

Comment

Check foliage frequently and spray if seven to ten mites/leaf are observed or at first sign of leaf bronzing.

Table 10-14. Products Used on Pears

Use this table as a guide, but refer to product label for specific information.

The preharvest interval is the number of days between the last spray and first harvest.

The re-entry period is the minimum interval that must be observed between applying the pesticide and working in the treated crop without protective equipment. If no re-entry period is stated on the label, assume that the spray solution must be dry before re-entry can occur.

The maximum number of applications is the labelled maximum number for the growing season, and may be higher than what is recommended for resistance management or for preserving beneficial insects.

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