Publication 360 - Grape Calendar for Ontario

The Grape Calendar is an excerpt from Publication 360 - Fruit Production Recommendations, 2006 - 2007 version

Table of Contents

1. Pub 360 Chapter 9 - Grapes - Grapes Calendar pgs. 195 -202 - (Pdf format 95k)
2. Resistance managment
3. Preharvest intervals
4. Spray water volumes
5. First leaf, 1.25 - 5.0 cm shoot length
6. 3 - 5 leaves unfolded, 10 - 15 cm shoot length
7. Shoot lenght, 20 - 25 cm
8. Immediate prebloom (flower cluster with floret seperation
9. Immediate post-bloom to early fruit set stage
10. Berries, pea-sized
11. Berry touch to cluster closure
12. Beginning of ripening (veraison period)
13. Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need)
14. Preharvest intervals
15. Table 9-4. Products Used on Grapes

Read the label and follow all safety precautions. Some grape varieties are sensitive to Sulphur, Thiodan, Copper, Dikar, Dikar plus Zolone, or other products. See Table 9-5. Disease Susceptibilities, on page 207, for specific information.

For preharvest interval, re-entry period, maximum number of applications and chemical group, see Table 9-4. Products Used on Grapes, on page 201

**Page numbers refer to pages in Publication 360 - Fruit Production Recommendations**

Resistance management

To delay development of resistance to fungicides, miticides and insecticides, follow resistance management guidelines outlined in Pest Resistance to Insecticides, Fungicides, Miticides, on page 54.

In addition, take the following steps to avoid rapid development of fungicide resistance:

• Do not reduce label rates.
• Do not use Nova, Sovran or Flint as eradicants when powdery mildew is already a severe problem.
• Use sufficient water to provide thorough coverage.

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Preharvest intervals

Preharvest intervals listed in Table 9-4. Products Used on Grapes, on page 201, are stated on product labels and are generally based on acceptable residues on fresh produce. In many cases, regulations on residues in finished products (i.e. wine) are much more stringent. Many processors require longer preharvest intervals than stated on product labels. Contact the processors and wineries directly in regard to their preharvest interval policy. Some processors and wineries also have special restrictions for certain pest control products regarding number of applications or application after a certain crop stage. Consult the contract purchaser of your grapes for more details.

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Spray water volumes

Sufficient water volumes are necessary to provide complete coverage with grape fungicides, miticides and insecticides. Increased water volumes are necessary as the season progresses and canopies grow. Canopy management through hedging, leaf-pulling, shoot thinning and proper sprayer calibration are critical to ensure proper spray penetration in the growing season. Although water is only the carrier for pesticides, sufficient coverage and efficacy is not possible if water volumes are severely reduced. Some types of sprayers are able to provide sufficient coverage with less water than other sprayers. Consult with equipment dealers and professional crop consultants about the amount of water needed to ensure adequate coverage. Read and follow water volume requirements on all product labels.

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First leaf, 1.25 - 5.0 cm shoot length

Diseases and Insects

• Phomopsis cane and leaf spot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
• Folpan 80 WDG @ see label

Comments

Begin spraying susceptible varieties early where there has been a history of phomopsis and conditions are wet. Apply in sufficient water volume to ensure complete coverage.

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3 - 5 leaves unfolded, 10 - 15 cm shoot length

Diseases and Insects

• Phomopsis cane and leaf spot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
• Folpan 80 WDG @ see label

Comments

Begin spraying susceptible varieties early where there is a history of phomopsis and conditions are wet. Apply in sufficient water volume to ensure complete coverage.

Diseases and Insects

• Black rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Ferbam 76 WDG @ see label

Diseases and Insects

• Powdery mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Microscopic sulphur @ see label
  or Kumulus DF @ 12.60 kg

Comments

This spray is important to protect expanding leaves and developing fruit clusters from infections. Intervals between sprays should be about seven to ten days. Under rainy conditions, spray at seven-day intervals.
Nova: Maximum three applications per season.

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Shoot length, 20 - 25 cm

Diseases and Insects

• Phomopsis cane and leaf spot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
• Folpan 80 WDG @ see label

Comments

Begin spraying susceptible varieties early where there is a history of phomopsis and when conditions are wet. Apply in sufficient water volume to ensure complete coverage.

Diseases and Insects

• Black rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Ferbam 76 WDG @ see label
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Sovran @ 240 g
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g

Comments

Sovran and Flint belong to the same chemical group. Apply no more than two consecutive sprays of either product and no more than four sprays of either product per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of either product, use a 14-day interval. If alternating with a fungicide from a different
family, use a seven to ten day interval.
Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.

Diseases and Insects

• Downy mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WP @ 2.50 kg
• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
  or Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
• Folpan 80 WDG @ see label
• Gavel 75 DF @ 2.25 kg
• Sovran @ 300 g

Comments

If bloom is delayed or wet weather is expected, spray again.
Ridomil Gold MZ: Maximum one application per season and only before bloom.
Sovran: Apply no more than two consecutive sprays of Sovran and no more than four Sovran sprays per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of Sovran, use a 14-day interval. If alternating Sovran with another fungicide, use a seven to ten day interval. Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.

Diseases and Insects

• Powdery mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Microscopic sulphur @ see label
  or Kumulus DF @ 12.60 kg
• Sovran @ 300 g
• Lance WDG @ 315 g
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g

Comments

This spray is important to protect expanding leaves and developing fruit clusters from infections. Spray at least every 14 days. Under rainy conditions, intervals may need to be shortened.
Sovran and Flint belong to the same chemical family. Apply no more than two consecutive sprays of either product and no more than four sprays of either product per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of either product, use a 14-day interval. If alternating with a fungicide from a different family, use a seven to ten day interval.
Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.
Nova: Maximum three applications per season.
Lance: Maximum two applications per season.

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Immediate prebloom (flower cluster with floret separation)

Diseases and Insects

• Grape berry moth (1st generation)

Materials and Amount/ha

• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Isomate GBM @ 1,000 dispensers
• Isomate GBM Plus @ 500 dispensers
• Imidan 50 WP @ 1.90 kg
• Diazinon 50 W @ 3.375 kg
• Sevin XLR @ 5.25 L
• Pounce @ 360 mL

Comments

Where there is a history of early season grape berry moth injury, apply an insecticide for first generation. Apply in high water volumes to ensure complete coverage.
Mating Disruption: Vineyard block treated must be larger than 2 ha.
Apply Isomate GBM products in late April or early May prior to flight and mating of grape berry moth (GBM) adults.
Isomate GBM lasts for approximately 60 days.
Isomate GBM Plus lasts for approximately 150 days.
Isomate GBM Pheromone is specific for GBM and will not control other pests. Continue insect monitoring and sampling throughout the season to ensure that GBM is adequately controlled and to determine if special sprays are necessary for sporadic pests such as leafhoppers. For more information see Mating disruption (MD) technology for management of grape berry moth, on page 202 and OMAFRA
Factsheet, Mating Disruption for Management of Insect Pests, Order No. 03-079.

Diseases and Insects

• Black rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Ferbam 76 WDG @ see label
• Sovran @ 240 g
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g

Comments

This spray is important to protect expanding leaves and developing fruit clusters from infections. Fruit clusters are highly susceptible to black rot from bloom to pea-sized berry stage.
Sovran and Flint belong to the same chemical family. Maximum two consecutive applications of either product and maximum four sprays of either product per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of either product, use a 14 day interval. If alternating with a fungicide from a different family, use a seven to ten day interval.
Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.

Diseases and Insects

• Downy mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WP @ 2.50 kg
• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
  or Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
• Folpan 80 WDG @ 1.25 kg
• Gavel 75 DF @ 2.25 kg
• Sovran @ 300 g

Comments

If bloom is delayed or wet weather is expected, repeat the application. This spray is important to protect expanding leaves and developing fruit clusters from infections. Fruit clusters are highly susceptible to downy mildew from bloom until the berries are pea sized.
Sovran: Maximum two consecutive applications and maximum four Sovran sprays per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of Sovran, use a 14-day interval. If alternating Sovran with another fungicide, use a seven to ten day interval. Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Ridomil Gold MZ: Maximum one application per season, prebloom only.

Diseases and Insects

• Powdery mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Microscopic sulphur @ see label
  or Kumulus DF @ 12.60 kg
• Sovran @ 300 g
• Lance WDG @ 315 g
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g

Comments

This spray is important to protect expanding leaves and developing fruit clusters from infections. Fruit clusters are highly susceptible to powdery mildew from bloom until the berries are pea-sized. Intervals between sprays over the bloom period should ideally be seven days. Under rainy conditions, intervals may need to be shortened.
Sovran and Flint belong to the same chemical family. Maximum two consecutive sprays of either product and no more than four sprays of either product per season. If
applying two consecutive sprays of either product, use a 14- day interval. If alternating with a fungicide from a different family, use a seven to ten day interval.
Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.
Lance: Maximum two applications per season.
Nova: Maximum three applications per season.

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Do not apply insecticides while grapes are in bloom. See bee poisoning on page 79.

Immediate post-bloom (flower cluster with floret separation)

Diseases and Insects

• Leafhoppers

Materials and Amount/ha

• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Sevin XLR @ 5.25 L
• Diazinon 50 W @ 3.375 kg
• Pounce @ 175 mL
• Assail 70 WP @ 80 g
• Surround WP @ 50.0 kg

Comments

Grape leafhopper (GLH), potato leafhopper (PLH) and three banded leafhopper (TBLH) are the three main species of leafhoppers that feed on grapes. GLH causes pale white stippling along the veins. TBLH damage is similar to GLH. In some vineyards, Guthion no longer gives control of GLH.
PLH feeding causes the leaves to yellow along the margins. Leaves cup upwards and later develop marginal necrosis. All products listed provide control of PLH.
See Notes on Grape Insects, on page 202.
Surround WP may delay brix accumulation. Closely monitor harvest parameters to determine optimal time to harvest. Use high rate of Surround for the first two applications to establish the protectant layer. Use the low rate to maintain even coverage thereafter. Applications after veraison will adhere better to grape berries. For table grapes where a residual white film is undesirable, do not apply Surround post-bloom.

Diseases and Insects

• Grape phylloxera (leaf form)

Materials and Amount/ha

• Thiodan 50 WP @ 3.00 kg
  or Thionex 50 W @ 2.50 kg

Comments

Only French hybrid and vinifera varieties are susceptible to this pest. See Notes on Grape Insects, on page 202.

Diseases and Insects

• Downy mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
  or Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
• Folpan 80 WDG @ 1.25 kg
• Gavel 75 DF @ 2.25 kg
• Sovran @ 300 g

Comments

Spray all varieties for downy mildew at this time.
Sovran: Maximum two consecutive sprays and no more than four Sovran sprays per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of Sovran, use a 14-day interval. If alternating Sovran with another fungicide, use a seven to ten day interval. Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.

Diseases and Insects

• Black rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Folpan 80 WDG @ 1.25 kg
• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Sovran @ 240 g
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g

Comments

Sovran and Flint belong to the same chemical family. Maximum two consecutive sprays of either product and no more than four sprays of either product per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of either product, use a 14- day interval. If alternating with a fungicide from a different family, use a seven to ten day interval.
Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.

Diseases and Insects

• Powdery mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Microscopic sulphur @ see label
  or Kumulus DF @ 12.60 kg
• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Sovran @ 300 g
• Lance WDG @ 315 g
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g

Comments

Fruit clusters are highly susceptible to powdery mildew from bloom to pea-sized berry stage. Young developing fruit and leaves are very susceptible at this stage. It is important to maintain protectant coverage. Intervals between sprays should be seven days. Under rainy conditions intervals may need to be shortened.
Nova: Maximum three applications per season.
Sovran and Flint: belong to the same chemical family. Apply no more than two consecutive sprays of either product and no more than four sprays of either product per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of either product, use a 14-day interval. If alternating with a fungicide from a different family, use a seven to ten day interval.
Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.
Lance: Do not use more than two times per season.

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Botrytis bunch rot See comments for botrytis rot control under Berry touch to cluster closure.

Berries, pea-sized

Diseases and Insects

• Grape berry moth (2nd generation)

Materials and Amount/ha

• Guthion Solupak @ see label
  or Sniper @ see label
• Isomate GBM @ 1,000 dispensers
• Imidan 50 WP @ 3.10 kg
• Diazinon 50 W @ 3.375 kg
• Sevin XLR @ 5.25 L
• Pounce @ 360 mL

Comments

Where berry moth is a regular problem, use one of these products. Apply sprays in high water volumes to ensure complete coverage.
Mating Disruption: Vineyard block must be larger than 2 ha for treatment.
Isomate GBM: Apply second application of Isomate GBM dispensers 60 days after first application (about late June or early July) but before significant second flight of grape berry moth (GBM).
Isomate GBM Pheromone is specific for GBM and will not control other pests. Continue insect monitoring and sampling throughout the season to ensure that GBM is adequately controlled and to time special sprays for other sporadic pests such as leafhoppers. For more information
see Mating disruption (MD) technology for management of grape berry moth, on page 202 and OMAFRA Factsheet, Mating Disruption for Management of Insect Pests, Order No. 03-079.

Diseases and Insects

• Phylloxera (leaf form)

Materials and Amount/ha

• Repeat as in Immediate post-bloom to early fruit set stage

Diseases and Insects

• Powdery mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Microscopic sulphur @ see label
  or Kumulus DF @ 12.60 kg
• Lance WDG @ 315 g
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g
• Sovran @ 300 g

Comments

Sovran and Flint belong to the same chemical family. Maximum two consecutive sprays of either product and no more than four sprays of either product per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of either product, use a 14- day interval. If alternating with a fungicide from a different family, use a seven to ten day interval.
Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Lance: Do not use more than two times per season.
Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.

Diseases and Insects

• Downy mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Folpan 80 WDG @ 1.25 kg
• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Gravel 75 DF @ 2.25 kg

Diseases and Insects

• Black rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Ferbam 76 WDG @ see label
• Folpan 80 WDG @ 1.25 kg
• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
  
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Flint 50 WG @ 140 g
• Sovran @ 240 g

Comments

For effective control, apply in high water volumes to ensure coverage.
Sovran and Flint belong to the same chemical family. Apply no more than two consecutive sprays of either product and no more than four sprays of either product per season. If applying two consecutive sprays of either product, use a 14-day interval. If alternating with a fungicide from a different family, use a seven to ten day interval.
Sovran is phytotoxic to some varieties of cherries (see label); do not let product drift onto sensitive crops.
Flint: Do not apply to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur.

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Berry touch to cluster closure

Diseases and Insects

• Powdery mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Nova 40 W @ 200 g
• Microscopic sulphur @ see label
  or Kumulus DF @ 12.60 kg
• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Lance WDG @ 315 g

Comments

Lance: Maximum two applications per season.
Check product labels and Table 9-4 on page 199, for days to harvest intervals.

Diseases and Insects

• Downy mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Dikar @ 5.50 kg
• Folpan 80 WDG @ 1.25 kg
• Supra Captan 80 WDG @ see label
  or Maestro 80 DF @ 2.00 kg
• Polyram DF @ see label
• Gravel 75 DF @ 2.25 kg

Comments

Check product labels and Table 9-4 on page 199, for days to harvest intervals.

Diseases and Insects

• Botrytis bunch rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Rovral @ 1.50 kg
• Vangard 75 WG @ 750 g
• Elevate 50 WDG @ 1.12 kg
• Scala SC @ 2.00 L

Comments

Direct this spray at the fruiting zone.
Many of the vinifera and vinifera hybrid varieties with tight clusters are susceptible to botrytis bunch rot e.g., Gamay Noir, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Chardonnay, Chancellor and Seyval Blanc. These susceptible varieties may require more than one application during the bunch closure period.
Elevate: Use Agral 90 at 200 mL/1,000 L of water (0.02% v/v) with the product in the tank. Do not apply
Elevate if rainfall is expected within six hours after application.

Diseases and Insects

• Two-spotted spider mite
• European red mite

Materials and Amount/ha

• Pyramite @ 300 g
• Kelthane 50 W @ 2.00 kg
• Acramite 50 WS @ see label
• Envidor 240 SC @ 0.75 L

Comments

A miticide may be required if significant bronzing of mid shoot leaves occurs as a result of mite infestation. Stressed vines will show injury earlier than healthy vines. Monitor seven to ten days after application to evaluate mite control.
Use any miticide only once per season and alternate. One miticide per year and alternating products is an effective resistance management strategy.
Pyramite is most effective against active nymphal stages, not adults.
Acramite requires different rates for different pest mite species.

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Beginning of ripening (veraison period)

Diseases and Insects

• Grape berry moth (about Aug. 20)

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the materials listed under Berries pea-sized

Comments

Check the interval to harvest. A spray may be needed on late varieties to control the brood which emerges in late August. Border sprays of conventional insecticides may be very effective.

Diseases and Insects

• Powdery mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the materials listed under Berry touch to cluster closure. Check for interval to harvest.

Comments

Vinifera and French hybrid varieties are more susceptible and may require extra sprays.
Check product labels and Table 9-4 for days to harvest intervals.

Diseases and Insects

• Downy mildew

Materials and Amount/ha

• Use one of the materials listed under Berry touch to cluster closure.

Comments

Check product labels and Table 9-4 for days to harvest intervals.

Diseases and Insects

• Botrytis bunch rot

Materials and Amount/ha

• Vangard 75 WG @ 750 g
• Elevate 50 WDG @ 1.12 kg
• Rovral @ 1.50 kg
• Scala SC @ 2.00 L

Comments

When late summer or fall weather conditions are wet and humid, protection against botrytis is necessary during the ripening or veraison period. This is especially important for vineyards designated for late harvest or ice wine. For further information on product choice and use, see comments under Berry touch to cluster closure.

Diseases and Insects

• Slugs and snails

Materials and Amount/ha

• Sluggo @ 25.00 kg

Comments

Apply higher rate of 50 kg/ha if population is very high. Apply when infestation begins. Reapply as the bait is consumed or at least every two weeks if slugs and snails continue to be a problem.

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Special sprays (when monitoring indicates the need)

Diseases and Insects

• Multicoloured Asian lady beetle

Materials and Amount/ha

• Ripcord 400 EC @ 150 mL
• Malathion 500 E @ 1.80 L

Comments

Lady beetles are not a problem unless it is very close to harvest. Begin monitoring around mid-August and continue for each cultivar until harvested. Early presence of lady beetles is not an immediate concern, because they arrive and leave an area rapidly. Discuss beetle thresholds and product restrictions with the proposed purchaser of grapes before taking action. Continue to monitor after treatment; re-infestation may occur before harvest. See Notes on Grape Insects, on page 202.
Ripcord cannot be used on juice grapes destined for export to the US.

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Preharvest intervals

Preharvest intervals listed in Table 9-4. Products Used on Grapes, on this page, are stated on product labels and are generally based on acceptable residues on fresh produce. In many cases, regulations on residues in finished products (i.e. wine) are much more stringent. Many processors require longer preharvest intervals than stated on product labels. Contact the processors and wineries directly in regard to their preharvest interval policy. Some processors and wineries also have special restrictions for certain pest control products regarding number of applications or application after a certain crop stage. Consult the contract purchaser of your grapes for more details.

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Table 9 - 4. Products Used on Grapes

Use this table as a guide, but refer to product label for specific information.

The preharvest interval is the number of days between the last spray and 1st harvest.

The re-entry period is the minimum interval that must be observed between applying the pesticide and working in the treated crop without protective equipment. If no re-entry period is stated on the label, assume that the spray solution must be dry before re-entry can occur.

The maximum number of applications is the labelled maximum number for the growing season, and may be higher than what is recommended for resistance management or for preserving beneficial insects.

*check with processor and winery for wine grapes **21 days for wine grapes. One day for table grapes

Learn more

• Notes on Grape Diseases and Insects
• Publication 360- Fruit Production Recommendations
• Pesticide Application and Safety
• Pesticide Companies and Agents
• Search the PMRA website for labels

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