|
|
Phytotoxicity in Tender Fruit
and Grapes
"Phytotoxicity" means literally "poisonous to plants".
Phytotoxicity can occur as a result of air pollution, contaminated soil,
and from sprays of pesticides or nutrient solutions. Phytotoxic effects
can vary from mild to severe, showing up as fruit resetting, marginal
leaf necrosis (leaf edge or tip "burning"), leaf death, or even
death of entire plants. Different crops and varieties within a crop can
differ widely in their sensitivities to various chemicals. There are also
many factors that can influence the occurrence and severity of phytotoxicity
including weather conditions, plant growth stage, combinations of products
used, and the spray history of the crop.
Herbicides are an obvious cause of phytotoxicity in many cases and are
not included in the following table. The table lists only specific warnings
about phytotoxicity found on labels of fungicides and insecticides commonly
used on grapes and tender fruit (apricot, sour cherry, sweet cherry, peach,
plum, and pear). It is not a comprehensive list for all registered products
or registered uses and does not include generic warnings about potential
incompatibility for products in tank mixes. The "registered for use
on" column only includes registrations for grapes and tender fruit;
many of these products are registered on a wide range of crops. A label
warning for a crop does not necessarily mean the product is registered
for use on that crop.
|
Product
|
Registered for use on:
|
Warning for:
|
Phytotoxicity Warning (some are edited for this table, refer
to product labels for full warning)
|
|
Agri-mek 1.9% EC
(abamectin)
|
Pear
|
Pear
|
Agri-mek plus oil may cause fruit injury to certain varieties
of pears particularly d'Anjou and other sensitive varieties, when
used alone or when other products are applied sequentially.…application
when temperatures are expected to exceed 30°C within 24 hours
of application may result in fruit injury after the use of Agri-mek
plus oil.
|
|
Bravo 500
(chlorothalonil)
|
Peach, cherries
|
Peach
|
Do not apply bravo 500 agricultural fungicide within 10 days
of an oil application as it may cause burning to flowers and leaf
tissue.
|
|
Botran 75W
(dicloran)
|
Peach
|
Peach
|
…combination sprays of Botran 75W and miscible oil formulations
of insecticides, particularly organophosphorus compounds, may cause
plant injury.
|
|
Copper
|
Apricot, sour cherry, peach, pear, grape
|
All
|
When spraying on copper-sensitive plants, add hydrated lime
to prevent injury.
(Although not listed on the label, grape varieties Merlot,
Sauvignon Blanc, Chancellor, Vidal, Concord,
Elvira, and Niagara are considered
copper sensitive)
|
|
Dikar
(mancozeb + dinocap)
|
Grape, pear
|
Grape
|
Do not use Dikar in combination with Zolone on Foch and Chelois
as injury may result. When applying Dikar to Foch use at least 600
L of water per hectare as more concentrated sprays may cause injury.
Do not apply Dikar under slow drying conditions or temperatures
above 27°C as some injury may result.
Dikar with Imidan may cause injury on grapes. Do not use
Dikar with lime sulphur. Do not use Dikar within 7
days before and after an oil application.
(Although not listed on the label, Chardonnay grapes are
also considered Dikar sensitive.)
|
|
Equal 65WP
(dodine)
|
Pear, sour cherry
|
Pear, sour cherry, peach, plum
|
Freezing, or near freezing temperatures, particularly when
accompanied by slow drying conditions, may injure or pre-dispose
the fruit to chemical injury. Do not apply EQUAL 65WP immediately
before, during or immediately after occurrence of such conditions.
Care should be taken to avoid EQUAL 65WP applications on peaches
and plums since foliage or fruit injury may result. Mixture with
Kelthane may cause injury under some weather conditions.
|
|
Flint
50WG (trifloxystrobin)
|
Grape, pear
|
Grape
|
Do not apply Flint 50WG fungicide
to Concord grapes or crop injury may occur. Do
not apply Flint where spray drift
may reach Concord grapes …Spray equipment should be rinsed after
applying Flint 50WG before application
of other products to Concord
grapes or crop injury may occur.
|
|
Kumulus DF
(sulphur)
|
Cherries, peach, pear, plum, grape
|
All
|
Do not use on Concord, Foch, de Chaunac and Van Buren varieties.
Caution is advised in viticulture especially when using mixtures
with copper compounds.
Do not apply Kumulus DF when rain or
night frost is expected. Do not apply if temperature is above 27°C
(in shade) and high humidity prevails, or if any of the aforementioned
conditions are expected within 3 days after the treatment. Do
not apply under intense sunshine.
Sulphur is phytotoxic to some plants
including apricots, Anjou
and Cornice pears.
Do not use within 30 days of an
oil spray.
|
|
Maestro 80DF
(captan)
|
Apricot, cherries, peach, plum, pear, grape
|
All
|
Do not apply Maestro 80DF in combination with or immediately
before or closely following oil sprays. Combinations with solvent
formulation of organic phosphates should not be used. The use of
spreaders which cause excessive wetting is not advised. Combinations
of Maestro 80DF and sulfur should not be used on crops sensitive
to sulfur.
Used at high rates or in drenching sprays, Maestro 80DF may
cause a necrotic spotting of tender, immature leaves of certain
varieties of apples, peaches, plums, and cherries. This type of
injury is most likely to occur in the early cover sprays during
long periods of warm, cloudy, humid weather. To avoid hazard of
leaf spotting under such conditions, use Maestro 80DF and other
spray materials at lowest recommended rates and avoid drenching
trees.
|
|
Microscopic sulphur
|
Cherries, peach, plum, pear, grape
|
All
|
See warnings above for Kumulus DF. Sulphur label defines high temperature as
above 25°C.
|
|
Superior Oil
(mineral oil)
|
Peach, pear, plum
|
Peach, pear, plum
|
Avoid spray during or just prior to freezing weather. Do
not spray if frost is expected before the trees dry.
(See warnings for captan/maestro, kumulus/sulphur, dikar,
bravo, and agri-mek regarding oil.)
|
|
Sevin XLR
(carbaryl)
|
Apricot, cherries, peach, plum, pear, grape
|
All
|
To avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply
to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during
the next two days.
|
|
Sovran
(kresoxim-methyl)
|
Grape, pear
|
Cherries, pear
|
Cherries: Sovran fungicide
may cause injury to certain sensitive cherry varieties such as Van,
Sweetheart, Chelan, Somerset, Valera,
Vandalay, Cavalier, Coral Champagne, Angela Vista, Emperor Francis,
Royalton, Schmidt, Summit and Viva.
Asian Pears: Sovran fungicide
may cause injury to certain sensitive Asian pears of variety Olympic
(Korean Giant).
Use special care when applying Sovran fungicide
to prevent contact with these varieties and other non-target plants.
Avoid off-target movement. Thoroughly rinse spray equipment,
including the inside of the tank, hoses and nozzles after and before
using the same equipment in crops that are sensitive to Sovran
fungicide.
|
|
Supra Captan 80WDG
(captan)
|
Apricot, cherries, peach, plum, pear, grape
|
All
|
See warnings above for Maestro.
|
|
Thiodan 50WP or Thionex 50W
(endosulfan)
|
Apricot, cherries, peach, plum, pear, grape
|
Grape
|
Causes severe injury to Concord Grapes.
(Although not listed on the label, Baco noir, Chambourcin,
and Villard Noir are also considered Thiodan sensitive)
|
|
Vangard 75WG
(cyprodinil)
|
Apricot, peach, plum, grape
|
Cherries
|
Do not use Vangard 75WG fungicide on cherries.
|
|
Zolone Flo
(phosalone)
|
Grape, cherries, peach, plum, pear
|
Grape
|
Under slow drying conditions or temperatures above 24°C,
spray material or combinations may cause some degree of injury,
especially to the variety Foch.
|
| Top of Page |
For more information:
Toll Free: 1-877-424-1300
Local: (519) 826-4047
E-mail: ag.info.omafra@ontario.ca
|