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Apples in Ontario

| Factsheets | Newsletters | Resources & Services | Stats & Facts | Crops Updates | Pests |

Factsheets, Infosheets and Publications

| General |Orchard Management |Cultural Management | Pest Management | Nutrition |Irrigation |
| Weather & Climate | Harvest & Storage |Business Management |

General

• Foodland Ontario Produce Facts - Apples
• Introduction To Organic Farming (Order No. 09-077)
• MTO Guide to Farm Equipment on the Highway
• Nutrient Management -Best Management Practices Series
• Nutrient Management Information - OMAFRA Index Page
• Nutrient Management Planning - Best Management Practices Series
• Nutrient Management Workbook (Pub. 818)
• On-Farm Food Safety Information
• Organic Food and Farming Certification
• Protecting Farm Streams Near Horticultural Crops
• Water Management - Best Management Practices (Order No. BMP07)

Orchard Management

• Care for New Plantings
• Choosing the Right Cover Crop
• Cover Crop Seed Suppliers
• Cover Crops
• Establishing the High Density Supported Apple Orchard:
  • Chapter 1: Site Selection and Preparation
  • Chapter 2: Choosing Trees for Planting
  • Chapter 3: Choosing a Tree Training System
  • Chapter 4: Planting the High Density Orchard
  • Chapter 5: Training High Density Apple Trees
  • Chapter 6: Tips for Successful Establishment
• Fruit Production Recommendations, Publication 360
• Fruit Trees in the Home Garden
• Monitoring Soil Moisture
• Orchard Grafting Methods (Order No. 98-005)
• Orchard Renovation - Rebuild and Rejuvenate with Cover Crops!

• Partial List of Fruit Tree Nurseries in Ontario
• Pruning Fruit Trees (Order No. 00-005)
• Ready for the Spring?
• Repair Grafting (Order No. 98-003)
• Thoughts on Pruning
• Tips for Successful Planting
• Using Reflective Mulch for Light Management in Orchards
• Vertical Axis Support System
• What You Should Know About Fruit Production In Ontario (Order No.04-045)
• Zinc - o - Facts

Cultural Management

• An Update on the Provincial Apple Cultivar Trials
• Apple Calendar - excerpt from Publication 360
• Apple Rootstocks (Order No. 00-007)
• Assessing Fruit Set - Use a Knife!
  
• Bitter Pit Control in Apples (Order No. 00-009)
• Chemical Thinning of Apples in the Response to Frost Damage to Flowers
• Commercial Production of Honeycrisp™' Apples in Ontario (Order No. 05-047)
• Commercial Production of Ambrosia™ Apples in Ontario (Order No. 09-041)
• Crabapple Pollenizers for Apples (Order No. 00-011)
• Cultivar Profiles
  • Ambrosia
  • Cameo^TM
  • Chinook
  • Creston
  • Enterprise
  • Ginger Gold^TM
  • Gold Rush
  • Honeycrisp^TM
  • Silken
  • Sunrise Apple
• Disease Resistant Apple Cultivars (Order No. 98-013)
• Evaluating Maturity of Empire, Idared and Spartan Apples (Order No. 00-027)
• Evaluating Maturity of McIntosh and Red Delicious Apples (Order No. 00-025)
• Fruit Production Recommendations (Publication 360)
• MaxCel for thinning apples
• Orchard Grafting Methods (Order No. 98-005)
• Pollination Pointers
• Producing Quality Empire Apples (Order No. 00-013)
• Recommended Apple Varieties for Ontario
• ReTain for Preharvest Drop Control in Apples
• Summer Pruning of Apples - Is It Worth the Time?
• Thinning and Growth Regulator Notes for Apples
  • Thinning and Growth Regulators Notes for Apples
  • Defruiting Immature Apple Trees
  • Promalin to Improve Fruit Shape of Delicious
  • Ethephon to Promote Fruit Colouring
  • Chemical Control of Preharvest Drop in Apples
    • Recommendations for Use of NAA
    • Recommendations for Use of ReTain
  • Prevention of Heat Stress and Sunburn in Apples

Nutrition

• A Quick Primer on Soils - Part A
• A Better Farmer: Understand the Living Soil:
  • Part 1 - Introduction
  • Part 2 - Good Bug or Bad?
  • Part 3 - The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
  • Part 4 - Those Wonderful Worms
• Aluminum soil test foils growers
• Bitter Pit and Honey Crisp: How Much Calcium Are You Getting?
  
• Building Your Soil's Production Capacity with Cover Crops
• Fertilizing Apple Trees
• Helping Graminicides Work
• How well is your nitrogen managed?
• Late Fall Applications Of Manure Can Do Wonders For Your Soil And Your Pocketbook!
• Leaf Analyses for Fruit Crop Nutrition (Order No. 91-012)
• Leaf Analysis - What's the Story?
• Monitoring Soil Moisture
• Phosphorus (P) And Potassium (K) Soil Testing And Fertilizer Recommendation System in Ontario (Order No. 97-005)
• Reading the leaves
  
• Soil Beneficials
• Soil + Weather + Fertilizer = Leaf Analysis
  
• Soil Management for Orchards and Vineyards (Order No. 92-120)
• Soil Fertility & Crop Nutrition - OMAFRA Index Page
• Soil Fertility Handbook (Pub. 611)
• Soil Management - Best Management Practices Series
• Soil Management - OMAFRA Index Page
• Soil Management & Fertilizer Use: Soil Compaction
• Soil Moisture Monitoring Tools: A Comparison
• Soil properties affect banded phosphorus
• Spent Mushroom Substrate
• Spray it or Spread it: nitrogen in apple orchards
  
• What do Zebra Mussels have to do with Phosphorus?

Irrigation

• Energy Conservation in Irrigation
• How to Prepare for Irrigation During Water Shortages (Order No. 99-023)
• Improving On-Farm Food Safety Through Good Irrigation Practices, (Order No. 10-037)
• Irrigation Management - Best Management Practices Series
• Irrigation Scheduling For Fruit Crops (Order No. 90-029)
• Irrigation - Why, When, And How Much ?
• Reservoirs - Construction Tips

Pest Management

|General| Insects | Diseases | Weeds |

General

• Bird Control on Grape and Tender Fruit Farms (Order No. 98-035)
• Bird Control Options (and non-options)
• Calibrating Airblast Sprayers
• Defining degrees of control on pesticide labels
• Guide for Spraying Fruit Trees (Order No. 00-035)
• Incorporating new products into Apple IPM spray programs
• Managing Problem Deer Populations
• Minor Use Program (progress on pesticide registration for minor use crops)
• Of mice and men: Managing mice in apple orchards
• Ontario CropIPM - Integrated Pest Management Training Online
• Pest management guidelines for hailed and frosted orchards
• Pesticide Information
• Pesticide Safety Training Requirements for Agricultural Assistants
• Precautions With All Pesticides
• Rodent and Deer Control in Orchards (Order No. 98-023)
• Sampling Soil and Roots for Plant Parasitic Nematode (Order No. 06-099)
• Six Elements of Effective Spraying in Orchards and Vineyards (Order No. 09-039)
• Sprayer Calibration Calculator
• The Hidden Cost of Damaged Nozzles
• We Catch Your Drift

Insects

• Apple Pests and Beneficials: Biology and Management
  • Beneficial Insects and Mites
  • Mite Pests and Their Predators
  • Scale Insects
  • Green Apple Aphid
  • Rosy Apple Aphid
  • Woolly Apple Aphid
  • White Apple Leafhopper and Potato Leafhopper
  • Spotted Tentiform Leafminer
  • Spring-Feeding Caterpillars
  • European Apple Sawfly
  • Tarnished Plant Bug and Other Stinging Insects
  • Mullein Bug
  • Codling Moth
  • Obliquebanded Leafroller
  • Apple Maggot
  • Apple Borers
  • Vertebrate Pest Management
• Beneficial Insects in Tree Fruit Orchards in Southern Ontario (Order No. 96-029)
• Check Pheromone Traps - Twice Weekly!
• Codling moth controls
• Codling moth programs
• Distinguishing Friends From Enemies: 4 Fabulous Insects You Want Visiting Your Orchards
• Insect and Mite Pests of Apple in Ontario (Order No. 92-051)
• Insect Factsheets & Infosheets
• Late Season Pests in Apples
• Managing mullein bug in apple orchards
• Mating Disruption for Management of Oriental Fruit Moth in Stone and Pome Fruit (Order No.04-029)
• Mating Disruption for Management of Insect Pests (Order No. 03-079)
• Mite Pests and their Predators in Ontario Orchards (Order No. 95-057)
• Notes on Apple Diseases and Insects
• Oil Sprays for Early Season Management of Scale, Mites, & Psylla
• Oriental Fruit Moth Flagging - Old or New?
• Pest Monitoring: Proper use of Pheromone Traps
• Plant Bug, Leafhopper or Aphid?
• Tools for managing OBLR in apples
• Tips on managing Obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR) in Ontario apple orchards
• When There's a History of Spring Insect Pests….
• Wildly Fluctuating Temperatures Affect Insect Flight Patterns

Diseases

• Apple Scab
• Basic Insect and Disease Control for Apples
• Black Rot
• Blister Spot
• Blister Spot on Mutsu (Crispin) Apples
• Canker Diseases and Root Rots
• Cedar-Apple Rust and Quince Rust
• Copper for managing fire blight
• Diseases and Disorders of Apples in Ontario
• Disease Factsheets & Infosheets
• Exploring Fire Blight Management, Part I: Models
• Exploring Fire Blight Management, Part 2: Infection Sources
• Exploring Fire Blight Management, Part 3: Antagonists of Erwinia amylovora
• Exploring Fire Blight Management, Part 4: Antibiotics
• Fire Blight
• Flyspeck and Sooty Blotch
• Key Issues for managing apple scab
• Management Tips for Black Rot Canker in Apples
• Notes on Apple Diseases and Insects
• Powdery Mildew
• Scab-Resistant Cultivars

Weeds

• Herbicide Injury in Fruit Trees and Grapevines
• Herbicide Weed Control Ratings for Fruit Crops (PDF file - 27k)
• Herbicide Injury - What Should I Do Now?
• Helping Graminicides Work
• Integrated Weed Management
• New Year's Resolutions for Managing Weeds
• Ontario Weeds - Weed Gallery
• Part 1: Why Improve Weed Management in Young Trees and Vines?
• Part 2: Improving Weed Management in Young Trees (Preplant/early spring)
• Part 3: Improving Weed Management in Young Trees (Spring/early summer)
• Part 4: Improving Weed Management in Young Trees (Late Summer/Fall)
• Newsletter Articles for Weed Management in Apples
• Newsletter Article Index for Weed Management: Application Technology
• Newletter Article Index for Weed Management: Weed Biology
• Newsletter Article Index for Weed Management: Other Information
• Pesticide Safety Training Requirements for Agricultural Assistants
• Problem Weed of the Month: Common Mallow
• Problem Weed Series for Orchard & Vineyards - Quackgrass
• Publication 75, Guide to Weed Control
• Removing Orchards or Vineyards? Be Aware of Herbicide Residues
• Selecting a Weed Management Strategy for Tree Fruit and Grapes
• Time to Spot Treat Perennial Weeds
• Weed Control in Apples
• Weed Factsheets & Infosheets
• Weed Quiz

Harvest & Storage

• CA Storage Guidelines and Recommendations for Apples (Order No. 03-073)
• Grower's Worst Nightmare - fire in a cold storage
• Harvesting and Handling Apples (Order No. 00-003)
• How to Estimate Bin Requirements: Make Harvesting More Efficient By Having the Right Number of Bins Ready
• Ontario Marking Requirements for Fresh Fruit and Vegetables at Retail
• Patulin - A Chemical Concern For Apple Producers & Processors (Order No. 04-043)
• Harvest Canada - Pick Your Own Fruit & Vegetables
• Sizing and Laying Out a Short-Term (Summer) Refrigerated Storage for Fruits and Vegetables(Order No. 92-124)
• Tunnel Forced Air Cooler for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (Order No. 98-031)
• Troubleshooting Cold Storage Problems (Order No. 94-083)
• Susceptibility of Ontario Grown Apples to Scald in C.A. Storage (Order No.00-029)
• Food Safety Practices in the Production of Unpasteurized Apple Cider

Weather & Climate

• Adverse Weather Information - OMAFRA Index Page
• Chilling Injury of Horticultural Crops (Order No. 98-021)
• Cold Hardiness and Fruit Trees
• Critical Spring Temperatures for Fruit Bud Development
• Early season frost damage in apples
• Effects of Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops (Order No. 01-015)
• Freeze Protection Methods for Crops (Order No. 85-116)
• How to Prepare for Irrigation During Water Shortages (Order No. 99-023)
• Irrigation Management - Best Management Practices Series
• Ontario Climate Information - OMAFRA Index Page
• Water Management - Best Management Practices (Order No. BMP07)
• Weather Information on the Internet

Business Management

• Agricultural Business Management Information - OMAFRA Index Page
• Bioproducts
• Business Planning for Nutrient Management
• Canadian Agricultural Income Stabilization (CAIS) Program
• Creating and Implementing a Human Resource Management Plan (Order No. 07-005)
• Customer Service Strategies That Work (Order No. 11-017)
• Diagnosing and Managing Cash Flow Problems (Order No. 06-085)
• Energy - OMAFRA Index Page (conservation, renewable energy, bioenergy, emergency power)
• Establishment and Production Costs for Tender Fruit in Ontario - 2006 Economic Report
• Evaluating the Feasibility of Business Opportunities (Order No. 03-051)
• Farm Business Insurance (Order No. 00-041)
• Guide to Tracking Program Payments to Ontario Farmers
• Guide To Custom Farmwork and Short-Term Equipment Rental Order No. 07-019
• Improving or Expanding Your Food Business
• Money for on-farm Environmental Improvements
• Nutrient Management
• Orchards and Vineyards Transition Program - Agricorp
• Options For Farmers Dealing With Financial Difficulties (Order No. 08-033)
• Paying Wages to Farm Family Members (Order No. 11-015)
• Preparing Business Plans (Order No. 08-051)
• Premier's Award for Agri-Food Excellence
• Programs and Services for Ontario Farmers (Order No. 07-021)
• Start, Manage and Grow A Business: Food Processing
• What You Should Know About Fruit Production In Ontario, (Order No. 04-045)
• Your Guide to Food Processing in Ontario (HTML plain text) (pdf)

Newsletters

• Orchard Network
• The Tender Fruit Grapevine
• Hort Matters
• ON Organic
• OMAFRA Newsletters
• Online Newsletters for Growers (external link list)
• Crop & Pest Updates (including Vegetable Crop Updates)
• Sound Advice - Audio Crop Updates Subscribe
• National Crop News Reports (External link - Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada)

• Agriculture Development Branch Staff
• Accredited Soil Testing Laboratories in Ontario
• Crop Links - Tender fruit(External link list)
• Crop Publications (online & print)
• Leaf & Petiole Tissue Analysis Program
• Local Food Plus
• Ontario Minor Use Program (progress on pesticide registration for minor use crops)
• Pest Diagnostic Clinic
• Pesticide Information 
• Sources of Crop Inputs
  • Cover Crop Seed Suppliers
  • Fruit Tree Nurseries in Ontario
  • Sources of Agricultural Limestone For Ontario

Stats and Facts

• Canadian Fruit Situation and Trends (including apples, tree fruits & berries)
• Ontario Horticultural Crops Statistics
• The Ontario Apple Industry at a Glance
• Overview Of Canadian Horticultural Industry

Crop Updates

• Sound Advice - Audio Crop Updates
• What's Hot? - Fruit
• Crop and Pest Updates
  • Subscribe to OMAFRA Podcasts
  • Subscribe to Agriphone Messages