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Insect and Mite Pests of Apple in Ontario

Factsheet - ISSN 1198-712X - Copyright Queen's Printer for Ontario
Agdex#: 211/620
Publication Date: 02/92
Order#: 92-051
Last Reviewed: 05/98
History: Revision of "Insect and Mite Pests of Apple in Ontario," February 1992.
Written by: A.M. Watson, formerly Pest Management Advisor


Table of Contents 

  1. Introduction
  2. European Red Mite
  3. Two Spotted Spider Mite
  4. Apple Rust Mite
  5. Spotted Tentiform Leafminer
  6. San Jose Scale
  7. Oystershell Scale
  8. Spring Feeding Caterpillar - Green Fruitworm Complex
  9. Oblique-Banded Leaf Roller
  10. Tarnished Plant Bug
  11. Seed Chalcid
  12. Plum Curculio 
  13. Mullein Bug
  14. Codling Moth
  15. Apple Maggot
  16. Rosy Apple Aphid
  17. Green Apple Aphid
  18. Woolly Apple Aphid
  19. White Apple Leafhopper
  20. Potato Leafhopper
  21. Apple Bark Borers
  22. Eastern Tent Caterpillars
  23. Fall Webworm

Introduction

There are more than 40 major pest species of inseccts and mites capable of causing damage to apple fruit and/or foliage in Ontario. This Factsheet contains pictures of pests of major and minor importance and can be used to identify the pest and its damage. Factsheets with specific information are available on some of the pests. Contact your local office of the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food for details. photos used in this Factsheet are courtesy of New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York; Agriculture Canada, Vineland, Ontario; and the Plant Industry Branch, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.

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European Red Mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch)

Image of European red mite eggs on bark.
Figure 1 European Red Mite overwintering eggs on bark
Microscopic image of European Red Mite adult, nymph and eggs.
Figure 2 European Red Mite adult female (reddish colour), nymph
(greenish colour) and eggs


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Two Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch)

Microscopic Image of two Spotted Spider Mite adults and eggs.

Figure 3 Two-Spotted Spider Mite adults and eggs

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Apple Rust Mite Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa)

Microscopic image of Apple Rust Mites.

Figure 4 Apple Rust Mite on under surface of a leaf

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Spotted Tentiform Leafminer Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabricius)

Image of Tentiform Leafminer moth.
Figure 5 Tentiform Leafminer adult moth

Image of underside of leaf with mines.
Figure 6 Sap feeding mines viewed from the lower leaf surface

Image of upperside of leaf with mines.
Figure 7 Tissue feeding mines viewed from the upper leaf surface

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San Jose Scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)

Image of bark scraped to show red underneath.

Figure 8 San Jose Scale on bark - note red coloration where bark has been removed

Image of part of apple with San Jose Scale.

Figure 9 San Jose Scale on apple

 

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Oystershell Scale Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus)

Image of bark with Oystershell Scale.

Figure 10 Oystershell Scale on bark

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Spring Feeding Caterpillar - Green Fruitworm Complex

Image of terminal leaves webshed together.
Figure 11 Damage to terminal from Spring Feeding Caterpillars
Image of Green Fruitworm and damaged apple.
Figure 12 Green Fruitworm and damaged apple
Image of 3 apples with extensive russetted scars.
Figure 13 Damage to mature apples by Green Fruitworm

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Oblique-Banded Leaf Roller Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris)

Image of Oblique-Banded leaf roller on leaf.
Figure 14 Mature Oblique-Banded Leaf Roller larva
Image of apple with small pinpoint scars on skin.
Figure 15 Damage to apple by Oblique-Banded Leaf Roller larvae
Image of leaves eaten and curled together.
Figure 16 Damage to terminal by Oblique-Banded Leaf Roller

 

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Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois)

Image of Tarnished Plant Bug nymph and adult.
Figure 17 Tarnished Plant Bug nymph and adult


Image of apple with indented russetted scar.
Figure 18 Tarnished Plant Bug damage as it appears at harvest


Image of cross section of apple with fine line in flesh from calyx end.
Figure 19 Cross-section of an apple - note trail. Compare to Seed Chalcid. The trail is close to the calyx end and may extend to the core.

 

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Seed Chalcid Torymus druparum (Boheman)

Image of cross section of apple with a fine line from mid section of apple towards seed cavity.

Figure 20 Cross-section of an apple - note trail. Compare to Tarnished
Plant Bug. The trail is usually away from calyx end of apple and goes directly to
the core. Exterior damage similar to Tarnished Plant Bug

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Plum Curculio Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst)

Image of Plum Curculio adult on fruit.
Figure 21 Adult Plum Curculio

Image of apple with D-shaped russetted scar.
Figure 22 Oviposition damage to apple by Plum Curculio adult female

 

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Mullein Bug Campylomma verbasci (Meyer)

Image of a Mullen Bug nymph in leaf.
Figure 23 Mullein Bug nymph (actual size is 1 -2 mm)

Image of 2 fruitlets with raised black bumps.
Figure 24 Damage to newly formed apple by Mullein Bug nymphs
Image of apple with indentation and raised black bump.
Figure 25 Damage to mature fruit resulting from earlier
feeding by Mullein Bug nymph

 

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Codling Moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus)

Image of apple on tree with frass from hole and arrow indicating this.
Figure 26 Damage to apple by Codling Moth - note frass as indicated by arrow
Image of cross section of apple showing seed cavity and arrow pointing to fine trail above.
Figure 27 Damage to seed region - note feeding trail as
indicated by arrow

 

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Apple Maggot Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)

Image of apple maggot fly.
Figure 28 Apple Maggot adult fly
Image of apple with very small pricks in skin.
Figure 29 Oviposition damage to apples by Apple Maggot fly
Image of cross section of apple with many fine trails throughout flesh.
Figure 30 Internal damage to apple. Note tunnelling and breakdown of flesh of apple due to bacteria

 

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Rosy Apple Aphid Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini)

Image of underside of leaf showing many aphids
Figure 31 Rosy Apple aphid colony on an unfurled leaf
Image of a cluster of small deformed fruit.
Figure 32 Damage to fruit cluster by Rosy Apple Aphid. Note rough deformed fruit

 

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Green Apple Aphid Aphis pomi (DeGeer)

Image of terminal leaves of shoot with many aphids on the underside.

Figure 33 Green Apple Aphid colony on terminal growth

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Woolly Apple Aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann)

Image of pruning scar with white cotteny mass around edges.
Figure 34 Woolly Apple Aphid colony around a pruning scar
Image of shoot with white cottony masses in the leaf axils.
Figure 35 Woolly Apple Aphid colonies in leaf axils of young terminal

 

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White Apple Leafhopper Typhlocyba pomaria (McAtee)

Image of White Apple Leafhopper nymph.
Figure 36 White Apple Leafhopper nymph - note wing pads
Image of leaf with white strippling.
Figure 37 Leaf stippling caused by White Apple Leafhopper

 

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Potato Leafhopper Empoasca fabae (Harris)

Image of a shoot with leaves that are curled and have pale edges.

Figure 38 Leaf damage to non-bearing
tree by Potato Leafhopper. Note
pale edges and downward curling of leaves

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Apple Bark Borers Synanthedon sp.

Image of base of turnk with frass from Apple Borers.
Figure 39 Damage at the base of trunk caused by Apple Borers - note frass
Image of bark with larvae and frass.
Figure 40 Apple Borer larvae and injury

 

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Eastern Tent Caterpillars Malacosoma americanum (Fabricius)

Image of a branch with tent made by Eastern Tent Caterpillar.

Figure 41 Eastern Tent Caterpillar
colony. Note - no leaves or fruit in tent

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Fall Webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury)

Image of branch with tent made by Fall Webworm.

Figure 42 Fall Webworm colony.
Note - leaves and fruit in tent

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For more information:
Toll Free: 1-877-424-1300
Local: (519) 826-4047
E-mail: ag.info.omafra@ontario.ca