guidelines for using insect pheromone and visual traps in VINEYARDS

Traps should be placed 40-100 m apart. Check traps twice a week, recording trap count and removing insects from the trap. Be sure to place traps in vineyard prior to insect flight. Always inspect leaves and berries in conjunction with the traps in order to make an assessment of insect activity and damage.
Replace pheromones throughout the season, referring to manufacturer's instructions on how long pheromones last. Remove insects and debris from pheromone traps and yellow sticky boards when traps are checked. Replace when they become full of insects, wet or dirty.

Pest	Grape berry moth	Grape berry moth (with mating disruption)	Leaf-stippling leafhoppers	Potato leafhopper
Type of trap	Pheromone lure + trap	Pheromone lure + trap	Yellow sticky boards	Yellow sticky board
# traps per site	5	5	5	5
When to place in vineyard	Before the first bloom of wild grapes	Before the first bloom of wild grapes	At bud break	After the first cut of alfalfa
Arrangement in vineyard	Place traps on the top wire of the trellis. Install one trap at the edge of the vineyard and the rest of the traps at 40 m intervals following a row into the vineyard.	Place traps on the top wire of the trellis. Install one trap at the edge of the vineyard and the rest of the traps at 40 m intervals following a row into the vineyard. The fifth trap is placed in the centre of the vineyard block.	Place in the outer row of the vineyard close to a weedy border. Place in the new growth of the canopy and move the traps up as the canopy grows upward.	Place in the new growth of the canopy and move the traps up as the canopy grows upward.
# of generations per year	3	3	GLH-1.5 to 2 VCLH-2 TBLH*-1	3 to 4
Activity of moths/ adult insects	First generation: Moths first emerge when inflorescences are visible in wild grapes. Second generation: Moths appear when fruit are shot size. Third generation: Moths appear about veraison and continue to fly throughout August into September.	First generation: Moths first emerge when inflorescences are visible in wild grapes. Second generation: Moths appear when fruit are shot size. Third generation: Moths appear about veraison and continue to fly throughout August into September.	All species overwinter as adults. As they emerge from "hibernation" they feed on a variety of plants including annual weeds, moving to grapes. Adults are active from spring to fall.	PLH* do not overwinter in Ontario. Each spring adults are carried by wind currents from southern Gulf States and across the Great Lakes into Ontario. Once present in Ontario, adults are active until fall.
Interpreting catches	Depending on the insecticide selected, insecticides may applied at upswing in pheromone trap counts or 6-10 days thereafter. A repeat application may be needed if emergence is extended or fresh injury continues to be detected.	If mating disruption is working properly, very low numbers or no grape berry moth should be captured in these traps. If moths are captured in sentinel traps, this indicates a possible failure of mating disruption, and supplemental insecticide sprays may be required at borders and/or the entire block.	Yellow boards indicate the presence of adult leafhoppers. An indicator of when to start monitoring for nymphs and damage.	Yellow boards indicate the presence of adult leafhoppers. An indicator of when to start monitoring for nymphs and damage.
* PLH= potato leafhopper, GLH=grape leafhopper, VCLH=Virgina creeper leafhopper, TBLH= three-banded leafhopper*

guidelines for using insect pheromone and visual traps in VINEYARDS

Pest